Transcript Slide 1

Desublimation
Sublimation
Physical properties....
Physical Properties
Physical properties are characteristics of matter that can b
measured and observed.
Properties help identify a substance and help determine th
uses of a material.
Properties of liquids:
Viscosity is a measurement of resistance
to flowing.
Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid to flow.
In everyday terms (and for
fluids only), viscosity is
"thickness" or "internal
friction".
Thus, water is "thin", having a
lower viscosity, while honey is
"thick", having a higher
viscosity.
Put simply, the less viscous the fluid is,
the greater its ease of movement (fluidity).
The substance
above has lower
viscosity than the
substance below.
Surface tension is the tendency of a liquid to
form a skin at the surface.
Cohesion is the attraction between
particles of the same substance.
Cohesion is what causes surface
tension.
Adhesion is similar to cohesion, but it is the
attraction between particles of different
substances.
Properties of solids:
Malleable is the ability to be shaped.
Elasticity is the amount of "stretch"
an item has.
Brittleness is how easily something will break
when
being shaped.
Hardness is the resistance to
being scratched.
Tensile strength describes how well a solid resists breaking
under tension forces (pulling forces).
Conductivity is the ability to conduct
electricity.
Luster-the state or quality of
shining by reflecting light; glitter,
sparkle, sheen, or gloss, dull, flat.
Ductile-capable of being drawn out into
wire or threads capable of being
hammered out thin, as certain metals;
malleable.
Translucent
Allowing light, but not detailed
images, to pass through;
semitransparent.
Opaque
Not transparent or
translucent; impenetrable to
light; not allowing light to
pass through.
Physical properties of matter often vary
with three things:
temperature, pressure and state.
Chemical vs. Physical Properties
Chemical properties are properties of an element or
compound in chemical reactions. For example, the fact that
sodium reacts with water is a chemical property.
Physical properties are properties of an element or compound
that can be observed without a chemical reaction of the
substance. A substance's color and density are physical
properties.
Gluep Background info.....
Density is a measure of how closely the particles of a
substance are packed into a given space.
Density is found by measuring mass and volume and then
dividing the mass by the volume. The formula for density
is:
D = M/V
D stands for density, M stands for mass, and V stands for
volume.
What is the density of a rock that has a mass of 32.5 g and a
volume of 12.8 mL?
Use the 3-step method to solve this problem:
1) Write the formula.
D = M/V
2) Plug in the numbers and units.
3) Complete the calculation and
show the correct unit for density.
What is the density of a rock that has a mass of 32.5 g and a
volume of 12.8 mL?
How do you determine volume?
GLUEP LAB
Physical properties of matter are characteristics that can be measured and observed,
without changing the make- up of the substance.
Examples of measurable properties:
Examples of observable properties:
On the other hand, chemical properties describe the way a material will behave
chemically. Will it react slowly with oxygen, decompose in light, combine explosively
with sodium, etc.?
MATERIALS:
Triple-beam balance Food coloring
Graduated cylinder Borax
Two beakers White glue
Stick for stirring
PROCEDURE:
1. Find the mass of the small beaker (answer = ____________). 2. Add 3.7 g to that mass
(answer = ____________) and adjust the pointers on the balance to this new number. Carefully
add Borax to the beaker until it balances out again.
3. Add 50 ml of water to the Borax in the beaker. Stir to mix until all or most of the Borax is
dissolved.
4. In the larger beaker, measure 25 ml of glue.
5. Measure and add 25 ml of water to the glue and mix well.
6. Add 2 drops of food coloring to the glue mixture and stir.
7. Pour the Borax solution into the glue mixture and stir.
8. Drain the extra liquid down the sink drain. Be careful not to lose the new material you have
just made.
9. Knead the remaining material in your hands until it firms like putty.
10. Clean your beakers, then place the gluep in one. Observe.
Do not remove ANY materials from this classroom
without permission.
This includes the Gluep you made.
(Sorry!)
In detail, describe the PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of the gluep you made. Include
the color, odor, texture, viscosity (compared to water), volume, and
mass. ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________ ___________
______________________________________________ ______________________
___________________________________ Based on your observations, does
gluep behave more like a solid, liquid, or gas? Defend your answer
______________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
Thoroughly clean all lab equipment, including beakers, sinks, counters, etc.
Return all lab supplies where they belong.
DO NOT TAKE ANY GLUEP OUT OF THE CLASSROOM!
In detail, describe the PHYSICAL PROPERTIES of the gluep you made. Include
the color, odor, texture, viscosity (compared to water), volume, and
mass. ____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________ ___________
______________________________________________ ______________________
___________________________________ Based on your observations, does
gluep behave more like a solid, liquid, or gas? Defend your answer .
Thoroughly
cleansolid
all labnor
equipment,
beakers, gel
sinks,
No, it's neither
liquid, it'sincluding
a hydrocolloidal
- a counters,
"colloid".etc.
Return
lab held
supplies
where they belong.
Solidsallare
in suspension
within a liquid by molecular action.
DO NOT TAKE ANY GLUEP OUT OF THE CLASSROOM!
Conservation Speaking Contest
This year the speaking contest will be held on Tuesday January 21, 2014 at Pittsville High
School in Pittsville, WI. The contest starts at 6:00pm.
Students can pick a topic that deals with
conservation and deliver a speech.
Gift cards and trophies will be awarded to the top speeches. Top speeches will move on to
area level, then state.
Entry forms need to be mailed by Friday January 17, 2014.
Robotic snow shoveler
Follow-up questions:
What other materials have you seen that have similar properties as gluep?
How would you rate the attraction between gluep particles, on a scale of 1 to 10? Circle one,
then explain your answer.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
WEAK VERY STRONG
(GAS (CRYSTALLINE
PARTICLES) SOLIDS)
The gluep’s mass is ___________.
The volume of the gluep is about ____________.
The density is _____________________.
The color is ________________.
The viscosity is ______________.
Based on gluep’s properties, think of a practical use for it.
Why is Graphite soft and Diamond hard
if both are pure carbon?
Carbon alone forms the familiar substances graphite and diamond. Both
graphite and diamond are made only of carbon atoms.
Graphite is very soft and slippery. Diamond is the hardest substance known to
man. If both are made only of carbon what gives them different properties?
The answer lies in the way the carbon atoms form bonds with each other.
Notice that graphite is
layered.
While there are strong
covalent bonds between
carbon atoms in each layer,
there are only weak forces
between layers.
This allows layers of carbon
to slide over each other in
graphite.
On the other hand, in diamond each
carbon atom is the same distance to
each of its neighboring carbon atoms.
In this rigid network atoms cannot
move.
This explains why diamonds are so
hard and have such a high melting
point.
you gotta luv sighWe are all connected.
SPECIAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
MALLEABILITY
ELASTICITY COHESION
CONDUCTIVITY HARDNESS VISCOSITY
The
TENSILE STRENGTH BRITTLENESS
ELECTRICAL
SURFACE TENSION
ADHESION DUCTILE
ability of metals to be hammered into thin sheets ___________
Can be stretched, but will retain its normal shape _____________
The particles of a liquid “stick” to each other ________________
Describes how strong something is when pulled ______________
A liquid’s surface forms a “skin” due to cohesion
between molecules _________________ ___________________
The ability to move electrons through the substance_____________
The property of breaking apart when struck or bent ____________
The resistance to being scratched __________
The resistance of a liquid to flowing or being poured ___________
The liquid particles “stick” to the side of a container ______________
SPECIAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
MALLEABILITY
ELASTICITY COHESION
CONDUCTIVITY HARDNESS VISCOSITY
The
TENSILE STRENGTH BRITTLENESS
ELECTRICAL
SURFACE TENSION
ADHESION DUCTILE
ability of metals to be hammered into thin sheets _ductile____
Can be stretched, but will retain its normal shape ____elastiscity____
The particles of a liquid “stick” to each other _____cohesion____
Describes how strong something is when pulled __tensile strength____
A liquid’s surface forms a “skin” due to cohesion
between molecules _____surface__ _____tension_______
The ability to move electrons through the substance__conductivity____
The property of breaking apart when struck or bent __brittle__________
The resistance to being scratched ___hardness_______
The resistance of a liquid to flowing or being poured __viscosity_____
The liquid particles “stick” to the side of a container __adhesion______
Physical Properties
Physical properties are characteristics of matter that can be
measured and observed.
Properties help identify a substance and help determine
the uses of a material.
Wax chunk
conditioner in vial
plastic bouncy ball
lead sinker
lead foil
mineral oil
copper strip
iron cylinder
water in vial
chalk
lead foil
rubber band
corn syrup (green)
purple latex band
muscovite crystal
basalt rock
silicon lump
Uses for Muscovite (mica)
Muscovite is a valuable mineral, but it is not known for its aesthetic beauty and will
never been seen as a gem.
Its first known use was in Old Russia as a glass. This glass was termed muscovy
glass. Muscovite was used in this purpose due to its transparent crystals and its
ability to cleave into thin sheets. Sheet muscovite is used as an insulating material in
electrical apparatuses due to its dielectric and heat resistant properties (Hurbut &
Klein Pg. 517).
It was also used in this fashion as furnace doors, but its use in this capacity is not as
common today because of modern technology alternatives.
Muscovite can be ground up and used in many products. The ground muscovite is
used in wallpaper to give it a shiny luster. It can also be used as a glitter and in
makeup in a similar fashion, as well as, a fireproofing agent, fillers, and a lubricant in
oil.
http://www.emporia.edu/earthsci/amber/go336/pepper/#uses
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Uses for Basalt Rock
Rock Type: igneous (extrusive/volcanic)
Distinguishing Characteristics: red-brown to black, frothy with small
visible holes where gas escaped while the lava cooled.
Origin of your Samples: Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
Uses: Basalt is crushed and used as crushed stone, concrete
aggregate and railroad ballast. Basalt fibres are used in the production
of high quality textile fibres, floor tiles, basalt plastic reinforcement bars,
basalt fibre roofing felt and glass wool (fibre glass).
http://www.pdac.ca/miningmatters/teachers/resources- rock.html
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Uses for Silicon
doped with boron, gallium, phosphorus, or arsenic, etc. to produce silicon for
use in transistors, solar cells, rectifiers, and other electronic solid-state
devices
silica, as sand, is a principal ingredient of glass, a material with excellent
mechanical, optical, thermal, and electrical properties
Uses:
computer chips
lubricants
used to make concrete and bricks
used in medicine for silicone implants
http://www.webelements.com/webelements/scholar/elements/silicon/ uses.ht
ml
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Concepts and key terms to explore:
Malleable
Density (D=M/V)
Elasticity
(cohesion)
Ductile
Mass
Volume
Surface tension
Viscosity (high or low resistance to flowing)
Electrical conductivity
Brittle
Soft or hard (resistance to being scratched or dented)
Luster (metallic, dull, shiny, waxy)
Translucent, transparent, opaque
Magnetic
Solid Metals
copper examples
iron samples
lead foil
lead sinker
paper clip
Solid Nonmetals
(Crystalline)
Chalk
Basalt
Muscovite
Solid Nonmetals
(Amorphous)
Wax
Bouncy Ball
Rubber band
Silicon
Purple latex band
Liquids
Water
Conditioner
Corn syrup (green)
Mineral oil
(clear w/ red)
iron ball
wax
silicon lump
liquids:
clear
green
clear w/red
white
Copper foil,
pipe and wire
synthetic
rubber
lead foil, lump
Solid Metals (strip, wire, pipe, raw)
copper samples-malleable, ductile, luster is shiny, can be scratched, conductor
iron samples- dense, rusts easily in air, hard, resistant
conductor
Usestoofscratching,
copper
lead samples- heavy and dense, hard, luster is shiny, conductor
Uses of iron
Uses of lead
Solid Nonmetals(Crystalline)
Ch
alk- soft, brittle, white, non-conductor
Basalt-hard, resists scratching, dark, dense,
Uses for non-conductor
chalk
Muscovite-brittle, splits into layers, fairly translucent, nonconductor
uses of basalt rock
Uses of muscovite
Solid Nonmetals (Amorphous)
Wax-
Opaque, brittle, soft (scratch able), non-conductor
Bouncy Ball- elastic, soft, non-conductor
uses for wax
Rubber band- elastic, stretchable, not malleable, non-conductor
Latex- soft, stretchy, elasticity, purple, low luster
Silicon- non conductor, luster is shiny, silky, lubricant feel
uses of rubber bands
Uses of silicon
Liquids
Water- low viscosity, high fluidity, clear, odorless
Conditioner- very high viscosity, very low fluidity, white, opaque
Mineral oil-medium viscosity, medium fluidity. Clear, "oily", odor
Corn syrup- thick viscosity, low fluidity, usually clear or dark colored
(green in lab)
Outdoor
Observation
Project
due a week from
Monday!!
Outdoor
Observation
Project
due a week from
Monday!!
Outdoor
Observation
Project
due a week from
Monday!!