Transcript 1- Presentation

A Status of Energy Efficient Led Based Traffic Lamps in Istanbul
Case Study
 Yusuf Dursun , R&D Traffic Systems Director
 Moayed Almobaied, PhD Cand. R&D Specialist
 Burcu Buyukkinaci, PhD Cand. R&D Engineer
R&D Department at ISBAK Inc., Istanbul Municipality
Istanbul Telecommunication Transportation and Security Technologies
www.isbak.com.tr
June 15-17 2016, Málaga
Introduction
LED Based Traffic Lights & Incandescent bulbs
Contributions of LED Based Traffic Lamps
to Energy Saving
Other Properties for LED Based Traffic Lamps
Disadvantages of LED Based Traffic Lamps
Conclusion
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R&D Department at ISBAK Inc., Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
Introduction
 Population: ~15 million (2016).
 Daily usage of transportation : ~11,5 million
 Area: 5343 km².
 Total registered vehicles : ~ 3,25 Million.
 Traffic signal modules : 76869 traffic signal modules in
2101 signalized intersections (February 2016).
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R&D Department at ISBAK Inc., Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
Introduction
 Recently, the global energy shortages have been rapidly increased.
 The global energy demand is set to grow by 37% by 2040 as the International
Energy Agency (IEA) mentioned in world energy outlook 2014.
 Conventional traffic lights contain bulky and powerful lamps where these lamps
consume a lot of amount of electrical power.
 In big cities, with many thousands of such traffic light units, developing more
efficient solutions to reduce the amount of consumed energy is still an active
research topic.
 In order to save energy, cities switched the conventional bulbs in traffic lights to
LED based traffic lamps.
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R&D Department at ISBAK Inc., Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
Introduction
 LED is a solid state optoelectronic semiconductor which converts most of the
input electrical power directly to light.
 In 1907 The Englishman Henry Joseph Round discovered that inorganic
materials can light up when an electric current is applied.
 At 1994 in Japan, the bluish-green LED was produced and the traffic
applications, which based on LED technology, have been established in 1995.
 In 1998, the research and development department at ISBAK started to follow
this new technology in the designing process of the traffic lamps.
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R&D Department at ISBAK Inc., Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
Introduction
From Literature:
 The City of Portland 2001:
 has replaced all 13382 incandescent traffic light bulbs with LED modules, which save
approximately 4.9 million kilowatt-hours per year.
 LED modules represent an 80% percent reduction in energy consumption over standard
light bulbs.
 The replacement to LED lights saves the city of Portland 335000 $ annually in signal power
costs.
 These savings are equivalent to powering over 350 Portland homes each year, and led to
annual CO2 emissions reductions of some 2880 tons.
 reducing transportation maintenance costs by 45000 $ a year in off-hour call-out costs and
replacement bulbs
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R&D Department at ISBAK Inc., Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
Introduction
 In Chicago, USA, a city run project retrofitting and installing LED energy efficient
lighting in all of the cities traffic lights at 2900 intersections, started in 2004. The LED
conversion project is said to be reduced energy use in Chicago for traffic lights by 85%.
As a result the city is saving 2.55$ million annually in energy savings and 100,000$
annually in materials. It is also reducing 23000 CO2 tones annually.
 ISBAK successfully developed and produced 200-300 mm diameter LED based
traffic lamps within a TEYDEB (Technology and Innovation Funding Programs
Directorate) Project in 2006.
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R&D Department at ISBAK Inc., Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
Introduction
 European standard for Traffic Control Equipment Signal Heads EN 12368:2000
 Turkish Standards Institute (TSE) published the Traffic Control Equipment
Signal Lamps Standard TS EN 12368
 In this case study, the contributions of 76869 traffic signal modules in 2101
signalized intersections in Istanbul to the national economy, energy saving and
environmental protection are analyzed.
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R&D Department at ISBAK Inc., Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
LED Based Traffic Lights & Incandescent bulbs
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R&D Department at ISBAK Inc., Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
LED Based Traffic Lights & Incandescent bulbs
 Conventional incandescent lamps require color filters to provide the desired color of light.
 In contrast, LED based traffic lamps can be designed to directly produce light as the required color.
 In AlInGaP LEDs, operating 10,000 hours under 30mA current value leads to approximately 20%
reduction of starting luminous flux. After 50000 operating hours there will be approximately 25%
reduction of luminous flux.
 On the other hand, the luminous flux of incandescent traffic bulbs, which have a life time of 8-10
thousand hours, reduces to the half of the starting value after only 1500 hours of operating.
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R&D Department at ISBAK Inc., Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
Contributions of LED Based Traffic Lamps to Energy Saving
 Average operating times for traffic lamps of the intersections in Istanbul.
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R&D Department at ISBAK Inc., Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
Contributions of LED Based Traffic Lamps to Energy Saving
 Energy consumption of incandescent bulbs previously used in Istanbul.
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R&D Department at ISBAK Inc., Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
Contributions of LED Based Traffic Lamps to Energy Saving
 Energy consumption of LEDs based Traffic lamps in Istanbul.
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R&D Department at ISBAK Inc., Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
Contributions of LED Based Traffic Lamps to Energy Saving
 Annual energy savings with LEDs based Traffic lamps in Istanbul
 The total annual Energy Savings is about 89%. Hence, approximately two million dollars
of annual energy savings were achieved by switching all incandescent traffic bulbs in
Istanbul to LED based traffic lamps.
 The maintenance costs reduce by 91% with LED based traffic lamps due to the statistics
result which show that just only 5% of LED based lamps are broken down once a year.
 On the other hand, the incandescent lamps are changed due to breaking or due to the
loss of luminous flux in every 6 months for overhead traffic lamps.
 When only the energy costs are considered, the amortization period is 2.2 years for an
LED based lamps. However, this period will reduce to be 1.5 years in case of the
maintenance costs are supplemented.
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R&D Department at ISBAK Inc., Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
Other Properties for LED Based Traffic Lamps
 In addition to the energy saving property as a main contribution of using LED based lamps instead of old
style Incandescent bulbs in Istanbul, there are some other contributions related to road safety and
environmental protection.
 Contributions of LED based Traffic Lights to Traffic and Road Safety
 Contribution of LED Based Traffic Lights to the Environmental Protection
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R&D Department at ISBAK Inc., Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
Other Properties for LED Based Traffic Lamps
 Contributions of LED based Traffic Lights to Traffic and Road Safety.
 Drivers can effectively distinguish the saturated color LED based light in comparing to the other light
sources under the bright sunlight.
 LED based lamp has the best light source which can be seen by the drivers in adverse weather
conditions and can easily recognize other distracting light sources on the opposite road lane.
 Reflectors and colored lenses are used in the signal units with conventional signal lamps.
 The sunrays come with horizontal angles especially in the morning and evening rush-hours; hence,
drivers cannot easily perceive the color of the traffic light due to the reflections from the reflector of the
traffic lights.
 This advantages of LED based traffic lights will decrease the numbers of accidents in the cities.
 Conventional traffic lights emits light along a horizontal axis but in fact only a portion of the light can
be seen by the drivers and pedestrians. The majority of the light beam above horizontal axis would have
been wasted.
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R&D Department at ISBAK Inc., Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
Other Properties for LED Based Traffic Lamps
 Contribution of LED Based Traffic Lights to the Environmental Protection
 Transportation is the spearhead with 36% CO2 emissions today.
 LED based traffic lights can be considered to be environmental solutions for their energy saving potential.
 According to statistics of International Energy Agency (IES) in 2013, 459.582 grams of CO2 emissions are
released to produce 1kWh electric energy in Turkey.
 For comparison, when the most frequently used automobiles in Turkey are taken into consideration, an
average automobile releases 2725 kg CO2 when it travels averagely 15000 km per year. Which means greenhouse gas emissions would be prevented equivalent to 3139 automobiles withdrawn from traffic.
 8555 tons/year of CO2 emissions are prevented by 18.614 million kilowatt-hours energy savings.
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R&D Department at ISBAK Inc., Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
Disadvantages of LED Based Traffic Lamps
 LED Based Traffic Lamps are more expensive than conventional lighting source technologies due to their
initial cost.
 Historically, payback time was 3, 3.5 years due to the leakages in technology at the early LED based
traffic lamps at 1995. Nowadays, the payback time for the LED based traffic lamps is reduced to 1.5 years.
 In areas with heavy snow conditions, an other disadvantage for the LED based lamps is appeared; Since
LEDs produce a very little amount of heat which is not enough to melt the snow accumulated on lamps
outer lens.
 Electronics expertise is required to design electronic drivers in order to supply the correct polarity, voltage
and current at a constant flow.
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R&D Department at ISBAK Inc., Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
Conclusion
 Usage of LED based signal lamps is rapidly increasing all over the world due to the noticeable increase in
the light efficiency of LEDs, energy-saving, ease of maintenance, their long life times and other benefits.
 Installation costs of LEDs are higher than incandescent lamps; however, the energy consumption is
decreased by 89% , the maintenance costs are decreased by 91% and the pay-back time for the LED based
traffic lamps is about 1.5 years.
 In this case study, The research and development department (R&D) at ISBAK Inc. demonstrates the
benefits of switching the old-style incandescent bulbs to the LED based lamps in traffic signalization system
at Istanbul.
 Contribution of total 76869 traffic signal modules in 2101 signalized intersections in Istanbul to the national
economy is explained.
 Approximately two million dollars of annual energy savings were achieved by switching all incandescent
traffic bulbs in Istanbul to LEDs based traffic lamps and 8555 tons/year of CO2 emissions are prevented by
18.614 million kilowatt-hours per year.
 In Turkey, which has approximately 9,000 intersections, if all traffic signal lights are switched to LED based
lamps systems then it is clear that significant energy savings, environmental protection and the maximum
safety in traffic will be provided.
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R&D Department at ISBAK Inc., Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality
Conclusion
As a future work:
 we will constraint on the low voltage systems (< 42 VAC) for traffic light which provide an important
feature of traffic signaling due to the better monitoring and the increased safety for the engineers working
on the traffic signals at the street.
 Power LED Technique.
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R&D Department at ISBAK Inc., Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality