Transcript (pptx, 791 KB)

A National Perspective on Intervention on Urban
Air Pollution for Health in Sustainable
Development in Mexico
Leonora Rojas-Bracho / National Institute of Ecology of Mexico
SDE Seminar Series on Air Pollution
and Sustainable Development
May 23, 2012
Environmentally Sustainable Cities
Objective
To direct the environmental performance of Mexican cities
toward environmental sustainability, through development
of a set of indicators
Environmental Performance
The measurable results of the actions
undertaken in a city to protect and
promote caring for the environment, and
to prevent, reduce and mitigate the
adverse effect that human settlements,
productive activities and services exert
upon it, taking as the point of reference
the city’s policies, regulations, objectives
and environmental goals.
Environmental Sustainability
The movement toward redesigning the
ways that are used to meet societal’s
needs, that allow to consider the longterm environmental capacity to
withstand the load placed on it.
3
Project Overview
Our aim is to produce a comprehensive set of indicators that
serve to evaluate the environmental performance of mediumsized cities and set environmental sustainability goals for the
short, medium and long terms.
4
Air Quality
Objective: The city enjoys of excellent air quality for all criteria pollutants.
PM10
annual
NAAQS
NAAQS
Policy Direction:
Reduction of air pollutants concentrations to achieve levels
specified in National Ambient Air Quality Standards and,
furthermore, in WHO recommended targets
Urban Mobility
Objective: The city offers non-motorized mobility modes and high capacity,
accessible, clean, safe and efficient public transportation.
Sustainability
Sustentabilidad
Desempeño
Performance
Trips in private vehicles (%)
Trips in non-motorized and
public transportation (%)
Performance
Desempeño
Short term
Medium term
Long term
Sustentabilidad
Sustainability
Public transportation
Bicycle
Walking
Short term
Policy Direction:
Increase the number of trips using non-motorized mobility
modes and public transportation, and reduce the use of
private vehicles
Medium term
Long term
Benefits and Co-benefits:
Technologies, Fuels and Fuel Efficiency
Health Benefits: Low Sulfur Fuels and Best
Available Vehicular Technologies
250
209
200
150
100
70
46
50
17
0
Premature
Deaths Bronquitis
Chronic Bronchitis
Muerte prematura
crónica
Millones
de casos(Millions)
evitados
Cases avoided
Avoided
Miles
de cases
casos (Thousands)
evitados
2008 – 2040
120
100
100
80
60
36
40
20
4
0
Work
Días
deLost
trabajo
Days
perdidos
Gasoline
Gasolina
Total benefits
NPV (12%) in 2008 (USD)
11
Diesel
=
$17,232
Minor
Días de
actividad
Restricted
restringida
Activity Days
Cost-Benefit Ratio
PEMEX-R/INE , 2008
2.9
Benefitstotales
CostosTotal
y beneficios
million
(Thousand
(miles
de millones
de USD)
dólares)
Benefits
14
12
12
10
8
1.3
8
5
6
4
1
4
4
2.1
Benefit / Cost
Ratio
2
0
Gasoline
Gasolina
totales*
Costos
Total Costs
Diesel
Total Benefits
totales
Beneficios
Net Benefitsnetos
Beneficios
Fuel Efficiency and CO2 Emissions
Reductions Standards
European Union
28
25
22
China
Japan
United States
km/l
19
South Korea
16
Canada
Harmonization
with US - CAFE
13
10
México 2010
12.32 km/l
7
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
10
Co-Benefits
Fuel Economy Standard, 2012-2030
LIGHT DUTY VEHICLE
EMISSIONS
Green House Gases
(CO2)
Global Warming
Health Benefits
Health Effect Pollutants
•
•
•
•
•
Nitrogen Oxides (NOx)
Sulphur Oxides (SO2)
Hydrocarbons (HC)
Carbon Monoxide (CO)
Particulates (PM10 & PM2.5)
Light Duty Vehicle
Avoided Emissions
(Tons)
NOx
SO2
HC
Air Quality
Health Impacts
• Premature Death -infant,
cardiovascular, lung cancer
• Chronic Bronchitis
• Minor Restricted Activity Days
• Lost Work Days
Avoided Cases/ Days
Mortality
Chronic Bronchitis
Minor Restricted Activity Days
Lost Work Days
Monetization: USD
Metodología de estimación: INE, 2007
Social Benefits
Two Scenarios, 2012-2030
144 gCO₂/km
(16.2km/l)
134 gCO₂/km
(17.4km/l)
Liters (Millions)
51,851
64,219
Pesos (Millions)
341,989
423,126
Tons (Millions)
125.3
155.1
Pesos (Millions)
20,659
25,553
208
257
362,856
448,936
Benefits
Fuels savings
CO₂ Avoided Emissions
Health Benefits
Pesos (Millions)
TOTAL Pesos (Millions)
12
Thank you!
¡Gracias!
[email protected]