Transcript Travel Health and Safety in Emerging Markets

Travel Health and Safety in
Emerging Markets
Presented by Dr. Vidya Nair
Puget Sound Business Travel Association
06/15/2016
Key Takeaways
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Infectious diseases in developing versus developed countries
Commonly seen infectious diseases during international travel
Commonly prescribed vaccines, medications and lifestyle tactics
How do vaccines work?
Return on Prevention study findings
A Case of Malaria
Developed vs. Developing
How do vaccines and preventative
medications work?
Preventable diseases from developing
countries
Shigella
Yellow Fever
Measles
Non vaccine preventable diseases
Vaccine Schedule
Vaccine
Schedule
Effective Duration
Hep A
2 dose series
Lifetime*(titers)
Hep B
3 dose series
Lifetime* (titers)
Typhoid IM
1 dose
2 years
Typhoid oral, live
4 dose series
5 years
Yellow Fever
1 dose
10 years
Rabies
3 dose series
3-5 years
Japanese Encephalitis
2 dose series
1 year*
Meningococcal conjugate
1 dose
Lifetime*
Inactivated Polio IM
3 dose series
Lifetime*
Risks of travelling unprotected
• Business trips and loss of productivity:
During trip
Post trip complications
such leading to sick
leave, loss of quality of
life, hospital expenses
Public health threat at
community and
regional level
Return on
prevention
ROP
ROP
ROP
ROP
ROP
ROP
14%
Infectious
Disease
Premature
Departure
6-12%
Emergent
Medical
Evacuation
ROP
Gaps identified
VS.
Cost-Benefit analysis of travel health program
for traveling employees
International Assignees/yr.
$500 x 10 = $5000
Avg. Repatriation Rate = 9%
=
$500,000 Repatriation Fees
Effective Travel Health Program is
1% of Repatriation Costs
Cost-Benefit analysis of Malaria program for
traveling employees
Expense
Work days lost:
Diagnostic and prescription cost:
Medical staff cost:
$18,900
$15,950
$12,600
Prevention
Prevention program/employee:
Prevention program/company
Cost avoidance by program/Yr.
N=540
ROI
=
119%
$7
$8,440
$18,450
ROI Calculator
Cost Avoidance calculator for travel health clinic: Travelers’ Diarrhea (TD)
20
Number of employees going abroad
$120,000
Average salary of employees going abroad
Each lost work day costs you
$500
Each sick employee will lose
4 days
12 persons
60% will get Travelers’ Diarrhea
$24,000
TD related absenteeism will cost your company
??
Cost to the employees (out of pocket if not insured)
$1,848
TD will lead to healthcare expenditures
ROI Travelers’ Diarrhea prophylaxis
Cost of prophylactic therapy to the company
for TD.
N = 20
Cost avoidance per 12 people
ROI
$11,000
$23,040
109%
References
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https://www.prevent.be/sites/default/files/return_on_prevention_study.pdf
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Global relocation trends, Results of the 2012 survey, Brookfield Global Relocation Services.
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Derek R. Smith, Peter A. Leggat, Protecting the health and safety of those who regularly travel overseas for work, in: Annals of the ACTM, an
International journal of tropical & travel medicine, Vol. II, Nr. 1, January 2010
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Bernhard Liese, et. Al., Medical insurance claims associated with international business travel, in Occupational and environmental medicine, nr. 54,
1997, pp. 499-503
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James Strikes, et. al., Risk factors for psychological stress among international business travellers, in Occupational and environmental medicine, nr. 56,
1999, pp. 245-252.
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Lisbeth Claus, Duty of care and travel risk management: Global Benchmarking Study, International SOS,2011.
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Dietmar Bräunig, Thomas Kohstall, The return on prevention: Calculating the costs and benefits of investments in occupational safety and health in
colpanies, ISSA, 2011
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William Bunn, Vaccine and international health programs for employees travelling and living abroad, in Journal of Travel medicine 2001; 8 (suppl 1):
S20-S23.
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Lin H. Chen, Malaria in long-term travellers and expatriates, Center for disease control and prevention
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Cranfield University, PriceWaterhouseCoopers, Measuring the value of international assignments.
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John M. Mezias, Terri A. Scandura, A needs-driven approach to expatriate adjustment and carreer development: a multiple mentoring perspective, in:
Journal of international business studies, nr. 36,2005, pp. 519-538.
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http://www.unicef.org/immunization/index_why.html
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http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs200/en/
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http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/yellowbook/2016/appendices/appendix-b-travel-vaccine-summary-table
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http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/39/1/83.full