Transcript new-corsolini

Victoria Land Transect Project
PNRA Project: 1.3 - Applied ecophysiology and ecotoxicology research for investigating
natural and anthropic changes in Antarctic environments.
Biomarkers Marco Nigro, University of Pisa
Department of Human Morphology and Applied Biology - Biology and Genetics, via Volta 4,
I-56100 Pisa, Italy
Francesco Regoli, University of Ancona
Institute of Biology and Genetics, via Ranieri, Monte d’Ago, I-60100 Ancona, Italy
Xenobiotic Simonetta Corsolini, Silvano Focardi, University of Siena
Monitoring Department of Environmental Science - Section of Applied Ecology, via delle
and Toxicity Cerchia 3, I-53100 Siena, Italy
Evaluation
Seabirds
Ecology
Silvia Olmastroni , University of Siena
Department of Environmental Science - Section of Applied Ecology, via
delle Cerchia 3, I-53100 Siena, Italy
Victoria Land Transect Project
Xenobiotic Monitoring and Toxicity Evaluation Proposal
CHEMICALS TO BE INVESTIGATED:
•Chlorinated Hydrocarbons: - pp’DDE, HCB, other chlorinated pesticides
- Polychlorobyphenils (PCBs) including toxic nonortho congeners
•Dioxins (PCDDs)
•Furans (PCDFs)
•Polychloronaphtalenes (PCNs)
•PAHs
SPECIES:
•benthic organisms
•krill
•fish
•squid
•seals
•cetaceans (killer whale, minke whale)
•birds (penguins, petrels, skuas)
SAMPLING (collaboration with other
research groups):
•non-invasive methods (blood, biopsies, eggs,
feathers, guano)
•fishing
•diving
CONSERVATION OF SAMPLES:
•to be kept at -30°C
Victoria Land Transect Project
Xenobiotic Monitoring and Toxicity Evaluation Proposal
GLOBAL CONTAMINANTS: POPs HAVE BEEN FOUND
IN
POLAR
REGIONS
BECAUSE
OF
GLOBAL
FRACTIONATIONS.
POPs VAPORIZE FROM SOURCE AREAS IN THE MIDLATITUDES AND ARE TRANSPORTED TO THE HIGH
POPs
LATITUDES BY AIR MASS MOVEMENTS.
IN
RELATION
TO
THE
VOLATILITY OF THE
VARIOUS POPs, THEY CONDENSE AT DIFFERENT
AMBIENT TEMPERATURES AND FALL OUT ON THE
high volatility
(CFCs)
EARTH
SURFACE
AGAIN.
MOST
VOLATILE
COMPOUNDS ARE EXPECTED TO BE TRANSPORTED
TO THE POLES.
THEN IT IS EXPECTED THAT THE PRESENCE OF POPs MAY FOLLOW A LATITUDINAL GRADIENT.
DUE TO THE LOW TEMPERATURES, POPs DEGRADATION IS VERY SLOW. ICE IS A COLD TRAP FOR POPs AND IT
CAN RELEASE THEM THUS THESE COMPOUNDS MAY ENTER IN THE TROPHIC WEBS AND BIOACCUMULATE.
MIGRATORY ANIMALS, ESPECIALLY TOP PREDATORS, MAY BE ANOTHER SOURCE OF POLLUTANTS.
Victoria Land Transect Project
Xenobiotic Monitoring and Toxicity Evaluation Proposal
Grass Hopper Effect
In warm temperature POPs
evaporate
POPs move in air by winds
to colder places
In cold temperature POPs
condense and fall to earth
POPs
The place where they fall out
depends on POP
physicochemical properties
(volatility) and temperature
high volatility
(CFCs)
Victoria Land Transect Project
Xenobiotic Monitoring and Toxicity Evaluation Proposal
Distribution of PCBs in the open-ocean surface seawater over the
Bering Sea, Western Pacific and Antarctic Ocean from 1975 to 1982
(Tanabe & Tatsukawa, 1984)
Victoria Land Transect Project
Xenobiotic Monitoring and Toxicity Evaluation Proposal
QUESTIONS TO BE ANSWERED:
ARE THE LATITUDINAL AND CONSEQUENT TEMPERATURE GRADIENTS IMPORTANT FACTORS
IN THE BIOACCUMULATION OF GLOBAL CONTAMINANTS? AND ARE THE SCIENTIFIC STATIONS A
LOCAL SOURCE OF POLLUTION?
DO ANIMAL MIGRATORY OR NON MIGRATORY HABITS AFFECT THE PRESENCE OF POPs
(PESTICIDES, PCBs, PCNs, DIOXINS, FURANS, PAHs) IN THE TISSUES OF MARINE ORGANISMS?
EXPECTATIONS:
EVALUATE THE EVENTUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LATITUDE AND THE TYPE OF POP
ACCUMULATED BY ORGANISMS.
PROVIDE BESELINE DATA FOR THE MENTIONED POPs IN ORGANISMS OF THE ROSS
SEA/VICTORIA LAND COASTS.
OUTLINE THE BIOMAGNIFICATION PROCESSES IN THE ANTARCTIC TROPHIC WEBS AND
IDENTIFY THE MOST EXPOSED SPECIES BY EVALUATING XENOBIOTIC TOXICITY
(USING THE DIOXIN TOXIC EQUIVALENTS APPROACH).