Transcript GLOBALIZATION AND ISLAM

20 May 2009
GLOBALIZATION AND ISLAM
by
Dr. M. Umer Chapra
Research Advisor
Islamic Research and Training Institute
Islamic Development Bank
Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
1. THE TITLE: CONSISTS OF TWO PARTS
PART I: GLOBALIZATION: WHAT DOES IT STAND FOR?
 INTEGRATION OF THE WORLD ECONOMY
 IS INTEGRATION NECESSARY?
•
•
•
•
SPECIALIZATION AND DIVISION OF LABOUR
GREATER EFFICIENCY
ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENT
TRADE LEADS TO MUTUAL DEPENDENCE AND PROMOTES
BETTTER UNDERSTANDING
 SUCH INTEGRATION IS NOT POSSIBLE WITHOUT THE
REMOVAL OF ALL ARTIFICIAL BARRIERS – HENCE
LIBERALIZATION – FREE MOVEMENT OF GOODS, LABOUR,
CAPITAL AND INFORMATION
 HOW DOES ISLAM LOOK AT INTEGRATION AND
LIBERALIZATION?
2. PART II:ISLAM: IS INTEGRATION ACCEPTABLE IN ISLAM?
 THIS CONCEPT IS NOT NEW TO ISLAM
• ONE GOD – ONE MANKIND – HUMAN BROTHERHOOD
)107 : ‫و ما أرسلنك إالّ رحمة للعلمين (سورة االنبياء‬
)19 : ‫و ما كان النّاس إالّ ا ُ ّمةً واحدة فاختلفوا (سورة يونس‬
• IF MANKIND IS A SINGLE ENTITY, WHY DID IT BECOME DIVIDED?
)14 : ‫و ما تفرقوا إالّ من بعد ما جاءهم العلم بغيا بينهم (سورة الشورى‬
• WHY IS THERE ‫ ?بغيا بينهم‬VESTED INTEREST, PREJUDICES,
EXPLOITATION AND MISUSE OF POWER
• THESE HAVE LED TO ARTIFICIAL BARRIERS – PREVENTED MUTUAL
INTERACTION
• INTEGRATION CAN TAKE PALCE ONLY WITHIN THE FRAMDEWORK OF
JUSTICE WHICH REQUIRES A SET OF RULES OR VALUES
 IS IT OUR DUTY AS MUSLIMS TO REUNITE MANKIND? YES!
‫‪3. ISLAM AND JUSTICE‬‬
‫‪ THERE CANNOT BE INTEGRATION WITHOUT JUSTICE – FAIRNESS IN‬‬
‫‪HUMAN INTERACTIONS IS INDISPENSABLE : EVERYONE SHOULD BENEFIT‬‬
‫‪FROM INTEGRATION‬‬
‫‪ THE QUR'AN:‬‬
‫لقد أرسلنا رسلنا بالبينات و أنزلنا معهم الكتاب والميزان ليقوم النّاس بالقسط‬
‫( سورة الحديد ‪)25 :‬‬
‫ظلم ُ‬
‫ال ُ‬
‫ظلمات يوم القيامة ‪ THE PROPHET:‬‬
‫)‪ ABU YUSUF (d. 182 AH / 798 AC‬‬
‫‪– RENDERING JUSTICE TO THOSE WRONGED AND ERADICATING INJUSTICE‬‬
‫‪ACCELRATES DEVELOPMENT‬‬
‫ّ‬
‫إن العدل و إنصاف المظلوم و تجنب الظلم ‪ ،‬مع ما في ذلك من األجر (الثواب) ‪ ،‬يزيد به الخراج و تكثر به‬
‫عمارة البالد (كتاب الخراج ‪ ،‬ص ‪)111‬‬
‫‪IBN TAYMIYYAH‬‬
‫•‬
‫‪‬‬
‫كان العدل أمرا ً واجبا ً في كل شيء و علي كل أحد ‪ ،‬والظلم محرما ً في كل شيء و لكل أحد ‪ ،‬فال يحل ظلم‬
‫أحد أصالً سواء كان مسلما ً أو كافرا ً ‪ ،‬أو كان ظالما ً (مجموع الفتاوى ج ‪ 18‬ص ‪)166‬‬
‫‪IBN KHALDUN‬‬
‫ّ‬
‫إن الظلم مخرب للعُمران (مقدمة ص ‪)288‬‬
‫وال سبيل للعمارة إالّ بالعدل (مقدمة ص ‪)287‬‬
‫‪‬‬
4. JUSTICE REQUIRES ‫( وازع‬RESTRAINING
POWER) ACCORDING TO IBN KHALDUN
 WTO CAN PLAY THIS ROLE – HOWEVER, THE RICH AND
POWERFUL COUNTRIES ARE TRYING TO DOMINATE IT THE
WTO TO SERVE THEIR VESTED INTEREST
RESULT:
 PROTESTS AND ROITS
 JUSTICE HAS SUFFERED – INTEGRATION HAS BEEN
FRUSTRATED.
 THE DOHA ROUND OF TRADE NEGOTIATIONS HAS NOT
MADE MUCH PROGRESS
5. FUTURE COURSE OF ACTION FOR MUSLIMS
 GIVE UP? NO.
 PEACEFUL STRUGGLE? YES
• ‫كلمة حق عند سلطان جائر‬
 PEACEFUL STRUGGLE IS THE ONLY ANSWER – USE
OF VIOLENCE LEADS TO DESTRUCTION AND FAILURE
6. HOWEVER‫ و‬PROTECTIVE TARIFFS ARE NOT THE
ONLY CAUSE OF MUSLIM UNDERDEVELOPMENT
• IBN KHALDUN ‘S MODEL:
•
•
•
•
•
POLITICAL AUTHORITY (G)
VALUES (S)
PEOPLE (N)
WEALTH (W)
JUSTICE AND DEVELOPMENT (J AND G)
7. INTEGRATION AND ISLAMIC ECONOMIC THOUGHT
• HAVE THE IDEAS OF INTEGRATION AND LIBERALIZATION
BECOME REFLECTED PRACTICALLY AS WELL AS
THEORETICALLY IN ISLAMIC HISTORY?
• PRACTICALLY
• THEORETICALLY
• IBN KHALDUN (d. 808 AH / 1406 AC): ‫ عصبية‬SOCIAL
SOLIDARITY – WITHOUT SOLIDARITY THERE CANNOT BE
DIVISION OF LABOUR AND SPECIALIZATION – NECESSARY
FOR ACCELERATED DEVELOPMENT
• SOLIDARITY IS NOT POSSIBLE WITHOUT JUSTICE
•
8. ISLAM AND THE NEW GLOBAL ECONOMY
 THE NEW GLOBAL ECONOMY STANDS FOR INTEGRATION
AND LIBERALIZATION, BUT DOES NOT GIVE TO JUSTICE THE
PLACE IT DESERVES – IT RATHER EMPHASIZES NEGOTIATIONS
 IN NEGOTIATIONS, IT IS THE RICH AND THE POWERFUL WHO
HAVE AN UPPER HAND – SURVIVAL OF THE FITTEST – LONGDRAWN NEGOTIATIONS – THE WEAK ARE FORCED TO YIELD
 JUSTICE ON THE OTHER HAND REQUIRES VALUES AND
PRINCIPLES – WHEREBY YOU TREAT EQUALS EQUALLY AND
UNEQUALS UNEQUALLY
 OIL, PETROCHEMICALS, TEXTILES AND AGRICULTURE