Transcript File

CH 7 History of Islamic
World
7.1.4 Describe the historical origins, central beliefs, and
spread of major religions.
7.1.7 Explain the influence of Muslim civilization on the
growth of cities, the development of trade routes,
political organizations and scientific and cultural
contributions to other cultures of the time.
Arabia
Southwest corner of Asia
Climate- hot and dry air
Desert, windy, and sandy
Nomads in Arabia
Lived in tents and herded sheep
Traveled the desert in search of food
and water
Tribes- a group of related people who traveled together or offered safety from strangers.
Muhammad
Born in Mecca around 570 AD
Came from an important family
Was a wealthy caravan business owner
Married Khadijah
Muhammad Becomes a
Prophet 610 AD
Muhammad did not like the poor being neglected.
At the age of 40 went to a mountain was told to recite and write down the word of God.
Islam- the messages received from Muhammad by God.
Muslim- someone who follows the teachings of Islam.
Hira- The Cave
Islam Spreads
Treat the poor with kindness
Treat slaves with respect
Spiritual Rewards for those who do good deeds.
Allah- which means “God”
Qur’an- the holy book of Islam
Like Judaism and Christianity, Islam is
Monotheistic.
Reaction to Islam
Mecca rulers grew worried.
Threatened to kill Muhammad due to it growing and its popularity.
In 622 Muhammad and his followers moved to Medina- which means prophet’s city.
The Hegira- the journey from Mecca to Median. This became an important date in 622AD
622- the first year of the Islamic calendar
Mosque- a building for Muslim prayer.
The Journey
Muhammad Influence
Spiritual and political
Muhammad dies in 632 AD
Islam spreads past the Arabian Peninsula
More than One Billion
Muslims Today
Indonesia 210 Million
Pakistan 155 Million
India 145 Million
China 140 Million
Bangladesh 123 Million
Section 2 Islamic Beliefs and
Practices
The Qur’an- Islam’s Holy Book, believed to be direct word and teaching from God.
Beliefs- There is only one God.
God will judge all people.
The good will live in paradise.
The bad will suffer.
Rules for Worship
Don’t eat pork or drink alcohol
Do ritual washing before praying
Practices and Beliefs
Jihad-which means “to make an effort, or to struggle.
Other Books:
Hadith- reports of Muhammad’s deeds and sayings. Written down by followers.
200 years after his death.
Sunnah-Muhammad’s example for the duties and way of life expected of
Muslims.
Five Pillars of Islam
1. Statement of
Faith
2. Daily prayer five times of
day facing Mecca.
3. Yearly donation to chairity
4. Fasting during Ramadan
5. Pilgrimage to Mecca
Most Sacred Place
Mecca-birth
place of
Muhammad
The HajjA trip every Muslim
Must make in their
Lifetime.
Pg 178-179
Kaaba
Walk seven times around structure.
Hajar al Aswad- black stone which pilgrims touch as they walk by.
Ramadan
Holiday that
Muslims
celebrate. They
will not eat or
drink anything
between dawn
and sunset for a
month.
9th Month in the
Islamic Calendar
Shariah
Laws designed to judge the rightness of the actions of a person or
community.
Sets rewards for good behavior.
Punishment for crimes. Death
Some Islamic states mix Islamic law with their legal system.
Chapter 7 Section 3 and 4
Muslim Empires and
Achievements
Caliph- means successor a title that Muslims use for the highest
leader of Islam
Who came after Muhammad’s death?
Abu Bakr- directed a series of battles that unified Arabia into a Muslim state. 634 AD
Islam Spreads
Muslims conquered lands. Non Muslims could not build churches in
Muslim cities
but could practice Christianity or Judaism freely. They were not
forced to convert.
Conquered – Persian and
Byzantine
Trade helps Islam Spreads to India, Africa, and Southeast Asia
Islamic Dynasty
Abu Bakr- Muhammad’s family member. United Muslim Empire. Invaded
Spain in 711 AD
Umayyads -Muslim Dynasty that moved capital to Damascus in Muslim conquered
Syria. Also land in Central Asia and India. Gained control of trade in the
Mediterranean and North Africa.
Abbasids- Muslim family dynasty came to power in 749 AD.
Cultural Diffusion
Tolerance- acceptance of another person’s beliefs or values.
Muslims did not ban other religions because they shared views with
some.
Arabic language, cultural, and customs were shared and adopted
by people who were
conquered by Muslims.
Ottoman Empire
Mid 1200’s ruled land from Eastern Europe to North Africa and Arabia.
Janissaries- conquered slave soldiers who converted to Islam and became fierce loyal
warriors.
Mehmed II- leader who conquered Constantinople changing the name to Istanbul.
He also turned the Byzantine’s great church the Hagia Sophia into a mosque.
Safavid Empire
Persian Muslims from present day Iran. Led by Esmail and Abbas
Came into conflict with other Muslims including the Ottomans.
Disputed over who should be caliph. Believed Muhammad’s son in law is one
true heir and right to rule
The Muslims split into two groups.
Shia- only Muhammad’s descendants only can be caliphs. (Safavid/ Iran)
Sunni- do not think caliphs have to be descendants of Muhammad (Ottoman)
Safavid Leader
Abbas became Shah in 1588. (King).
Abbas defeated the Uzbeks and took back land lost to the Ottomans.
Esfahan- capital city
Mughal Empire
Turkish Muslims in Northern India. 1500’s to 1700’s
Descendants of Mongols from Central Asia.
Babur- tried to build in empire in Central Asia but failed, instead he built one in
Northern India instead.
Akbar- became leader in mid 1500’s and expanded the Mughal Empire
Muslim Developments in
Astronomy
Improved calculations of time and developed better clocks.
Astrolabe- a device that allowed people to calculate their location on earth
Geography- by studying the stars it improved more accurate maps and improved trade.
Philosophy: Sufism
People could find God’s love by having a personal relationship with God.
Sufi Poets and other Achievements in Literature
Sinbad, Aladdin, and Ali Baba
The Rubayyat of Omar Khayyam
Math and Medicine
Advance the number 0.
Algebra
World’s First Pharmacy
Minarets and Calligraphy
Minarets- tall towers from Muslims are called to prayer
Calligraphy- decorative writing.