Transcript The Spread of Islam 2

Spread of Islam
Where did Islam Spread?
Diffusion along trade routes from Mecca and Medina
Fertile Crescent, N. Africa, Asia
(weak Byzantine and Persian Empires)
Arabic language spread
Why Did Islam Spread?
spread quickly along trade routes, w/ military
victories
Reasons for appeal:
1.
simple, direct
message
2.
equality of all
believers
based on oral
traditions – did
not need to be
literate
3.
How did Islam Spread?
• Muhammad issues jihad – “Holy War”
• After Muhammad’s death, who should
rule????
• Caliph = Successor
• Each Caliph was elected
• Qu’ran as guide
4 Rightly Guided Caliphs
632-661 CE
• Abu Bakr:
•
•
Unites Arabia
Writes down Qur’an
• Umar:
•
•
Conquers Syria, Egypt & parts of Persia
Uthman & Ali:
•
•
By 750, empires went from Atlantic Ocean to Indus Valley,
including Spain
Division of Muslims about who should rule
–
Sunni & Shi’a (Shiites)
Why Were the Caliphs Successful?
1. disciplined armies
2. weak Byzantine and Persian Empires
3. persecuted people welcomed them as
liberators
4. Message appealing
5. no payment of Tax
Umayyad Dynasty
661-750 CE
• Moved capital to Damascus
• Caliphs chosen by heredity
• Abandoned simple life -- Surrounded
themselves with wealth
– (Simple life  wealthy life)
• These facts lead to a fundamental division in
Muslim community
Shi’as –
Shiites
Sunni – Shi’a Split
Party of Ali
Sunnis
Support all four
Calpihs
Any religious
person can interpret
Qu’ran
80% of Muslims
Iraq, Afghanistan,
Indonesia, Saudi
Arabia
Calpihs –
direct
descendants of
Muhammad
Only Imam
can interpret
Qu’ran
20% of
Muslims
Iran
Abbasid Dynasty
750-1258 CE
• 750 CE – Abbasids take over
• Murder remaining Umayyads
• Move capital to Baghdad – center of family
power
• Religious leaders helped control empire
Spread of Islam
• Across Asia and Africa, and into Spain
Islamic Holy Cities
• Mecca – site of Ka’aba
• Medina – city of prophet – Hijrah
• Jerusalem – Dome of the Rock – Muhammad
ascends to heaven.
Jerusalem
Medina
Mecca
Historical Turning Points
1. Death of Ali - Sunni-Shi’a division
– Who should lead Islam?
2. Muslim conquest of Damascus
– Umayyad Dynasty
3. Islamic capital moved to Baghdad
– Abbasid Dynasty
4. Muslim defeat at the Battle of Tours – 732 CE
– Stopped Spread of Islam into Europe
5. Fall of Baghdad to the Mongols – 1258 CE
– End of Islamic Empire
2
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The Spread of Islam
GRAPH
Section
2
Assessment
1. For each group of rulers, identify the period of their
rule and at least two developments that affected the
growth or strength of Islam during that period.
Rulers
Period of
Rule
Developments in Islam
Rightly Guided
Caliphs
632-661
Spread of Islam east and west,
tolerance of Jews and Christians
Umayyads
661-750
Split between Sunni and Shi’a,
development of Sufi movement
Abbasids
750-1258
Shift of capital to Baghdad,
growth of Muslim trade network
continued . . .
Think About:
•Founding
•Major branches
•Holy Book
•Law
•Teachings
•Prophets
•Place of worship
Muslims Believe
Jews Believe
Pre-AP: write a thesis
statement comparing and
contrasting the three
monotheistic religions
Christians Believe
All Believe