Transcript Causes of the development of Islamic caliphates

Unit 3
Learning Goal 4
ANALYZE and
IDENTIFY
Cultural achievements
of Muslim Society.
(TEKS/SE WH1c, 25d, 26b, 27a.)
Reading: DRAGON MARKINGS
● Every time you read, you will be expected to
MARK YOUR TEXT!!
● Why? It helps you pay attention to and interpret
what you read!!
1. 1st time reading: (1) Number paragraphs
1. 2nd time reading: Circle key terms and essential
words
1. 3rd time reading: Underline/Highlight
author’s claims and information
relevant to reading
DRAGON MARKINGS
THE ISLAMIC EMPIRE.
HIGHLIGHT THE ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING
AND ANSWER QUESTIONS ON THE BACK
1. How did Muslim rulers treat conquered peoples
who were not Muslim?
2. Why did Muslims have a positive attitude toward
trade?
3. What were some characteristic of Muslim
architecture?
4. What mathematical advances did Muslim scholars
make?
Muslim Civilization Video Clip
• Start Crash Course video on the Dark Ages
at 3:55 and finish at 9:12.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QV7Canyz
hZg&index=14&list=PLBDA2E52FB1EF80C9
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
(TEK 1C)
WHAT ARE THE MAJOR
CAUSES AND EFFECTS OF
THE DEVELOPMENT OF
ISLAMIC CALIPHATES AND
THEIR IMPACT ON ASIA,
AFRICA, AND EUROPE?
Causes
of the development of Islamic caliphates
• Arab soldiers committed to the promise of plunder
unified around Islam and conquered territory
from Spain to India across North Africa, Arabia
and Anatolia
• Weak Sassanid and Byzantine Empires made
conquest easier
• Followers were attracted to ideas of equality
among believers and familiar with monotheism
from Jewish and Christian traditions
Effects
of the development of Islamic caliphates
•
Caliphate’s introduced bureaucratic structure and established first
Muslim Empire
•
Arabs, Persians and other groups unified politically and culturally as
Muslims
•
Trade flourished, as merchants agreed on a common set of Muslim
business dealings
•
Intellectual development led to algebra, preservation of Classical texts
especially those of the Greeks
•
Mosques, hospitals, schools, orphanages and the House of Wisdom
were built
•
Islam spread via trade routes to West Africa and to Southeast via the
Indian Ocean to Central Asia and China via the Silk Routes
WRITE THE QUESTION ON THE SIDE OF YOUR CORNELL NOTES
(Q1) Name the four groups of Muslim society?
The Muslim empire included people of many different lands
and cultures. Major cities arose in the Muslim world.
They included Cordoba and Cairo, centers of Muslim rule in
Spain and North Africa, and Baghdad, the Abbasid capital.
Muslim society was divided into four groups, at the top or
people who were Muslims from birth. Next came those who were
converted to Islam.
The third group included Jews, Christians, and the
Zoroastrians - protected because Muslims shared some of their
beliefs. The fourth group was slaves, none of whom were Muslims.
According to Muslim law, women should obey men. But Muslim
women still enjoyed more rights than did those living in European
Society of the time.
The Qur'an gave Muslim women some economic and property
rights. In early Muslim society, women could also have an education
and take part in public life. Later they lost those Rights.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
(TEK 25D)
EXPLAIN HOW ISLAM
INFLUENCED LAW AND
GOVERNMENT IN THE
MUSLIM WORLD?
The Muslim world was ruled by a caliph
who effectively oversaw a theocratic
Islamic empire or caliphate with the
position of caliph gradually becoming
hereditary and the caliph had both
political and religious authority in the
Muslim world. Islamic law or the shar’ia
was based on legal scholars’
interpretations of the Qu’ran.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
(TEK 26B)
ANALYZE HOW ART,
ARCHITECTURE,
LITERATURE, MUSIC, AND
DRAMA REFLECT THE
HISTORY OF THE CULTURES
IN THE ISLAMIC WORLD?
Achievements
•
Arabesques geometric patterns: reflect an artistic style based on abstract non
human figures, because of Islamic prohibition of or use of human images
•
Mosques: unique use of domes and minarets used for the call to pray five times a
day
•
Calligraphy: decoration in mosques developed because of ban on use of human
images
•
Poetry: reflects the oral heritage of the nomadic Arab tribes, most famous Muslim
poet is Rumi, a 13th century Sufi mystic
•
Literature: The Thousand and One Nights (The Arabian Nights) and Rubaiyat are
classic examples of literature produced during the Abbasid Golden Age
•
Blending of Muslim and Hindu: Taj Mahal - A mixture of Indian, Persian, and
Muslim motifs i.e. minarets, arches, etc.
•
Blending of Muslim and Christianity: Hagia Sophia - Transformed a Christian
church into a mosque i.e. minarets, arches, etc.
Achievements
(Q2) Name four achievements of Muslim
scientists and mathematicians?
Literature was a strong tradition before Islam. Later, the Qur’an became the
standard for all Arabic literature and poetry.
The collection The Thousand and One Nights included many entertaining stories,
fairy tales, and legends.
Muslims had their own special practices in art. For instance, artists could not draw
pictures of people.
Only Allah, the religion said, could create life. Unable to draw these images,
Muslims developed a new art form. They practiced calligraphy, or the art of beautiful
handwriting.
Muslim scholars made great advances in medicine and mathematics. The physician
al-Razi wrote an encyclopedia that collected all that was known about medicine from Greece
to India.
In science, Muslims studied the work of ancient Greek scientists but used logic
rather than experiments to reach conclusions.
One Muslim scientist made new discoveries about how people see. His findings
helped lead to the invention of the telescope and microscope.
A mathematician named al-Khwarizmi wrote a textbook that developed algebra.
ESSENTIAL QUESTION
(TEK 27A)
IDENTIFY THE ORIGIN AND
DIFFUSION OF MAJOR
IDEAS IN MATH, SCIENCE,
AND TECHNOLOGY IN THE
ISLAMIC CALIPHATES
BETWEEN 700 AND 1200?
Origin
• Algebra, trigonometry
• Concept of latitude and longitude
• Idea of the use of credit
• Study of Greek philosophy
• Medical advances in diagnosis recorded in the Hawi a
medical encyclopedia and the Canon of Medicine by Ibn Sina
• Astrolabe
(Q3) Why was Ibn Rushd Criticized?
Philosophers at the House of Wisdom also translated works of
the ancient Greek philosophers.
Muslim philosophers Ibn Rushd was criticized for trying to join
their ideas with Muslim ideas. But he argued that Greek philosophy
and Islam both searched for the truth.
The Jewish philosopher Maimonides, who lived in the Muslim
Empire, was also criticized for his ideas. He wrote a book that
blended philosophy, religion, and science.
Philosophers reflected the different people who lived in the
Muslim Empire. Muslims came to recognize the value of their
differences.
Diffusion of ideas
•
Building on the ideas in mathematics learned from the Indians,
Abbasid Muslims expanded the use of algebra and spread the
use of Arabic numerals to the Europeans via the Crusades and
later trade
•
Learning about paper money from the Chinese, Abbasid
scholars were able to further stock libraries and universities.
•
Muslim scholars translated the works of the Greek philosophers
and preserved that learning in libraries such as the House of
Wisdom built in 380 in Baghdad.
•
Universities such as those in Cordoba, Toledo and Granada
preserved and spread knowledge
•
Contact through trade and war spread ideas and technologies
such as the astrolabe compass
(Q4) Explain how Muslim scholars
helped save the learning of the West?
Muslims placed a high value on learning and scholarship.
Muslim scholars added much to human knowledge.
Europe was in chaos and much of the knowledge of Europeans was
in danger of being lost.
During this time, Muslim scholars collected ancient Greek, Indian,
and Persian works of science and philosophy.
The scholars translated these works into Arabic.
One center of this study was the House of Wisdom in Baghdad.
Later, this ancient learning returned to Europe when the works of
Muslim scholars were translated.
Google Classroom
Check your google classroom for review guide
on
• ISLAM, ARAB EMPIRE, AND FORMATION OF
ISLAMIC CALIPHATES.
• ISLAMIC TRADE AND IDEAS IN
MATHEMATICS, SCIENCE, AND TECHNOLOGY.