Transcript Chapter 4: The Spread of Islam

Chapter 4:
The Spread of Islam
Objectives of this Unit:
• You will learn how Islam spread initially after
Muhammad’s death.
• You will learn how conquest and trade led to the
spread of Islam, blending of cultures, and growth
of cities.
• You will learn about three large Islamic empires
that played a major role in the spread of Islam:
the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal Empires.
Key Terms: 4.1 Early Expansion
Key Term
Ch 3 Review:
Crossroad location
Nomadic
Sedentary
Sunnah
Shariah
Caliph
Abu Bakar
Tolerance
Muslim/Non Muslim treaties
Umayyad Empire
Berbers
Moors
Abbasid Empire
Definition
Key Term
Crossroad Location
Definition
KeyArabia’s
Terms:
4.1 Early Expansion
location sits between Asia, Africa , and Europe made it a
naturally successful location for traders to pass through
Nomadic
Lifestyle of moving from place to place
Sedentary
Lifestyle of staying in one location or settled
Sunnah
A way of life or guidelines for Muslims to live by
Shariah
Islamic Law – Quran and Sunnah help form this law
Ch 4 Section 1:
Caliph
The highest leader in Islam
Abu Bakar
The first successor of Muhammad or caliph
Tolerance
Acceptance
Muslim/Non Muslim treaties
When land was conquered by Muslims they made treaties (or
deals) with the left over people (usually Jews and Christians)
that listed rules for their behavior in return for the Muslims not
attacking them.
Umayyad Empire
Many early caliphs came from this family. Moved Muslim
capital from Medina to Damascus and expanded empire
Berbers
Native Northern Africans that converted to Islam
Moors
Muslims that ruled parts of Spain
Chapter 4: Section 1
Early Expansion 650-800’s
Abu Bakar• Followed Muhammad as the next leader of
Islam.
• He was the first caliph, the highest leader of
Islam.
• Was a political and military leader, but NOT a
religious leader.
• He united Arabia for the first time as a
Muslim state in the 2 years he ruled.
When Muslims conquered new lands, they
made treaties or deals with the newly
conquered people – often Jews and Christians.
These treaties monitored behaviors and
provided safety.
The most important factor in the spread of
Islam was conquering non-Muslims.
Abu Bakar,
Muhammad’s successor
And the 1st caliph.
He led the Muslims on a series of wars
that conquered many lands outside
Arabia.
Early Caliphs
• Umayyad family (632-750)
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Many of the early caliphs came from this
family.
Moved the Muslim capital from Medina to
Demascus.
Demascus is located on the Mediterranean
Sea and this gave them the ability to control
trade by sea in that area.
They then conquered part of Northern
Africa. These natives, Berbers, resisted the
Muslims at first, but eventually converted to
Islam and joined the Muslim armies to
spread Islam.
The Muslim and Berber armies conquered
southern Spain easily.
Next , they moved north to what is now
France but were stopped by Christian armies
in the city of Tours.
Even though they lost this battle, Muslims –
called Moors - continued to rule parts of
Spain for 700 years.
• Abbasids (750-1200’s)
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Reorganized the government and made it
easier to rule large areas
Early Caliphs gather in the
Great Mosque of Cordova, in Spain
How did TRADE affect the spread of Islam, blend cultures
and grow cities?
• Arabia’s Crossroads Location gave Muslims easy access to Asia, Africa, and Europe.
A. Spread of Islam
1. Merchants took Islamic beliefs to many new lands.
– To lands like: India, Africa, and Malaysia and Indonesia.
2. Trade also brought new products and money to Muslim lands.
– How to make paper and use gunpowder.
– How to plant new crops like cotton, rice, and oranges.
– Traders also made money on trade between regions
B. Blending Cultures
1. As Muslims acquired new lands they came in contact with many
different people with different beliefs and lifestyles.
2. Muslims practiced tolerance with those they conquered.
3. Many people conquered by the Arabs, converted to Islam. Those that
didn’t had to pay a special tax. These people shared their customs with
the Arabs.
3. As Islam spread, Language and religion helped unify the many groups
that became the Islamic world.
C. The Growth of Cities
1. As cities grew, their cultures (religions and languages) blended.
2. Trade brought people, products, and ideas together.
3. Baghdad
a. Islamic capital 762 AD
b. Trading and farming made it one of the richest cities in the late 700’s –
early 800’s.
c. The center of Baghdad was known as the round city – because three
round walls surrounded it.
d. Inside the walls was that caliph’s palace
The Round city of Baghdad : Known at that time as “The City of Peace”
4. Cordoba, Spain
a. Became the capital of Spain in
756.
b. Farming and trade built the
economy. They traded textiles
and jewelry.
c. Men and women came from
many countries to study at the
university there.
d. Because it was such a major
center for learning and trade,
people from all religions settled
here.
e. It became a major center
for Jewish culture.
Cordoba, The City of the Great Mosque