Transcript Rise of Islam

Rise of Islam
SSWH5: The student will trace the origins
and expansion of the Islamic World between
600CE and 1300 CE
 a. Explain the origins of Islam and the growth of the Islamic
Empire.
 B. Identify the Muslim trade routes to India, China, Europe, and
Africa and assess the economic impact of this trade.
 c. Explain the reasons for the split between Sunni and Shia
Muslims.
a. Explain the origins of Islam and
the growth of the Islamic Empire.
 Rise of Islam
 Main Idea
 Religious and ethical systems: Muhammad unified the Arab
people both politically and through the religion of Islam
 Why it matters now
 As the world’s fastest-growing major religion, Islam has a
strong impact on the lives of millions today.
Muhammad
 Became a trader and business manager at 25.
 Angel Gabriel: Told Muhammad that he was a messenger
of Allah.
 Convinced he was the last of the prophets.
 Taught Allah was the one and only God.
 Muslim: follower of Islam
 Islam:” submission to the will of Allah”
The Hijrah
 Muhammad and followers migration to Medina.
 He was accepted as religious/political leader.
 630, the prophet marched back to Mecca to take back
the city.
 Entered the city in triumph
 Most Meccans pledged their loyalty to him and Allah.
5 Pillars of Islam
 1. Faith: To become a Muslim has to testify that there in
no God but Allah.
 2. Prayer: 5 times a day, Muslims face toward Mecca
(Sometimes at Mosque).
 3. Alms: responsibility to support the less fortunate.
 4. Fasting: During Ramadan fast between dawn and
dusk.
 5. Pilgrimage: Hajj= The pilgrimage to Mecca.
Islamic Way of Life
 Carrying out 5 pillars of Islam ensures they follow
religion in community.
 Forbidden to eat pork or drink intoxication beverages.
 Expected to worship Allah directly (no priests).
Source of Authority
 Allah: expressed his will through the angel Gabriel.
 Qur’an: the Holy book of Muslims
B. Identify the Muslim trade routes to India,
China, Europe, and Africa and assess the
economic impact of this trade.
 Turn to page 264 in textbook.
 Trade goods Brought to Arabia:
 Spices
 Incense
 Perfumes
 Precious metals
 Ivory
 Silk
Muslim Trade Network
 Mediterranean Sea and Indian Ocean
 Silk Roads of China and India connect with Europe and
Africa.
 Banks in cities throughout the empire.
 Merchants carried not just goods but ideas from the
world.
c. Explain the reasons for the split
between Sunni and Shia Muslims.
 Islam Spreads into three continents
 Muslim community faces issue of leadership which would
eventually dived the Muslim world
 Sunni Muslims: Those who did not resist the Umayyadas.
 Shia Muslims: Caliph needed to be descendent of the
prophet.
Muhammad’s Successors
 Abu-Bakr: Became the first caliph(successor).
 Encouraged and justified the expansion of Islam.
 Umar: Second caliph
 Muslim armies conquered Syria and lower Egypt.
 Ali/Uthman: Next two caliphs
 By the end of their rule Muslim Empire stretched 6000 miles
from Atlantic Ocean to the Indus River.
Internal Conflict
 Ali(cousin of Muhammad)- natural successor to Uthman
was assassinated.
 Umayyads: family that came to power.
 Moved capital to Demascus
 Arab Muslims felt it was too far away from their lands.
 Abandoned the simple life of previous callliphs, surrounding
themselves with wealth.
Sunni VS. Shi’a Muslims
Sunni Muslims
Shi’a Muslims
Believe that the first four
caliphs were “rightly guided”
Believe that Ali, the
prophet’s son-in law, should
have succeeded Muhammad
Believe that Muslim rulers
should follow the
Sunna/Muhammad’s
example.
Believe that all Muslim rulers
should be descended from
Muhammad; do not
recognize the authority of
the Sunna
Claim that the Shi’a have
distorted the meaning of
various passages in the
Qur’an
Claim that the Sunni have
distorted the meaning of
various passages in the
Qur’an.