Transcript File - Ms. Smith`s Language Arts and Social Studies

Before we learn about
Islam…
What is Judaism?
• Oldest of the 3 major religions that originated in
the Middle East.
• Belief in one God
• Abraham is the father of Judaism.
• Their holy book is called the Torah
• They believe that they are God’s chosen people
and that they must obey his laws.
• The Jews were originally settled in Israel, but
were forced out of this land by the Romans.
Judaism continued…
• When the Jews were forced out of this
land, this is called the Diaspora.
• We will learn more about the Jews and
Israel later on. Stay tuned 
What is Christianity?
• Christianity has the same foundation as
Judaism, but believes that Jesus of
Nazareth was the Messiah that the Bible
tells about.
• The Bible contains the Old Testament and
the New Testament, but the New
Testament contains the Gospels which are
the basis of Christian beliefs.
Islam
History of Islam
• It all begins with Abraham, a prophet.
• Abraham is considered to be the father of
BOTH the Muslim and Jewish people.
• Abraham and his wife Sarah couldn’t have
a child, so Abraham had a child with his
wife’s servant. This child was named
Ishmael.
History Continued…
• Then…Abraham and Sarah were able to
have a child and had a son named Isaac.
• Ishmael was then sent away and lived in a
city called Mecca.
• Abraham went to visit Ishmael in Mecca,
and they built a temple there. This temple
is called the Kaaba.
• The Kaaba is the holiest and most sacred
place for Muslims.
Muhammad- “The Great Prophet”
MUHAMMED’S BIRTHPLACE: MECCA
Muhammad
Muhammad was born about 570 into the leading tribe
of Mecca.
Muhammad was an orphan and was raised by his
uncle.
He was a hard-working boy, honest and dependable
who began his life as a shepherd and later went into the
trading business.
He was a caravan manager for a wealthy widow,
Khadija, whom he eventually married.
Muhammad was 25 and Khadija was about 40!
They had at least 6 children and a long and happy
marriage.
Muhammad as a prophet
Muslims believe Adam was the first prophet, and that
there were many prophets including Abraham and Jesus.
Muslims believe that Muhammad was the LAST prophet.
Muhammad supposedly received a divine message from
the angel, Gabriel and he commanded Muhammad to
“recite”!
Citizens of Mecca were hostile to the message. They
thought that he was disrupting their life.
• Muhammad and some of his followers fled
north to Medina
• This trip was known as the Hegira, an
event on which the Muslims base their
calendar AND this is the official beginning
of Islam!!!!
• While in Medina, Muhammad changed the
direction to which they pray, facing
towards Mecca. This is still true today.
• Muhammad ended up leading an army of
10,000 men and went back into Mecca.
• Most of Arabia were converted to Islam by
the time of Muhammad’s death in 632.
• Muslims believe that Muhammad
ascended into Heaven from a mosque in
Jerusalem.
DOME OF THE ROCK- holy mosque / site in Jerusalem where
Muslim’s believe Mohammed ascended into heaven from.
Terminology:
The religion is called
ISLAM.
The people are
MUSLIMS.
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Fact:
Of more than 1
billion Muslims
worldwide, only
about 1/5 are
Arabs.
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Try to Guess:
Which country has more
Muslims than any other
country in the world?
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Answer:
Indonesia - with over 200
million Muslims.
Note: The U.S. has about 5
million Muslims.
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http://www.skidmore.edu/academics/arthistory/ah369/islam_map.jpg
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Fact:
Muslims are
monotheistic and
worship the same
one God of
Christians and
Jews.
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Note:
Allah’ is the Arabic
word for ‘God.’
‘
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You guess…True or
False???
Most Muslim
women wear veils
over their faces and
are treated very
badly.
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FALSE!!!
• Muslim women have many different styles
of dress. (Very few cultures require
women to cover their faces.)
• The treatment of women varies from
country to country and family to family.
• Some Muslim countries, like Pakistan,
have had female prime ministers. The
U.S. has never had a female president.
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Pakistani dress (left); Saudi
Arabian (right)
Shariah TV website
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Iranian woman
Green Cine.com
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Somali (left); West African (right)
Shariah TV website
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Malaysian (left); Indian/
Bangladeshi (right)
Shariah TV website
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Afghani women wearing burqas
International Medical Corps photo 19
Muslim girls in Texas protesting
discrimination for wearing head
scarves
http://www.cairdfw.org
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Something to think
about:
Should women in a
Western country (like the
U.S.) be allowed to wear a
headscarf if they choose?
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Main Beliefs of Islam
5 Pillars of Islam
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1. Faith:
Belief in one God and that
Muhammad is His prophet.
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2. Prayer:
5 times a day – facing
Mecca
http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/galleries/salah/images/5.jpg
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3. Alms
Giving money to the poor is
REQUIRED, not optional
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4. Fasting
During the month of Ramadan,
Muslims cannot eat or drink
anything during the daylight hours.
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5. Pilgrimage
Once in their lives – IF they
can afford it, Muslims make a
pilgrimage to Mecca
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In Mecca during the pilgrimage
www.thefaithclub.com
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VISITING MECCA TODAY
*NOTES*
FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM
WHAT IS A PILLAR??? IMPORTANT BELIEFS & VALUES
1. There is
no god but
ALLAH who
spoke
through the
prophet
Mohammed
2. Pray
five
times a
day
3. Give
to the
poor
4. Fast
during the
holy month
of
Ramadan
5. Visit
Mecca at
least one
in your
lifetime
(HAJJ)
MUSLIMS DO NOT GAMBLE, DRINK ALCOHOL OR EAT PORK
Vocabulary:
MOSQUE: a Muslim
place of worship
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Mosque in Medina, Saudi Arabia
http://islamicbooks.info/H-21-Madh'habs
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Mohammed Ali mosque, Cairo,
Egypt
http://www.solarnavigator.net/geography/egypt.htm
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Inside the Mohammed Ali Mosque
http://www.ask-aladdin.com
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Dome of the Mohammed Ali
mosque
http://www.ask-aladdin.com
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Blue Mosque (Sultan Ahmet
Mosque), Istanbul Turkey
http://cs.ua.edu/~greg/personal.html
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Interior of the Blue Mosque
http://www.britannica.com
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Dome of a mosque, Esfahan, Iran
http://www.perceptivetravel.com/issues/1106/maclean.html
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Interior of a mosque in Iran
http://www.worldisround.com/articles/73022/photo621.html
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Mosque in Djenne, Mali (West
Africa)
http://www.travelblog.org/Photos/17028.html
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North African mosque
http://www.galenfrysinger.com/
tunis.htm
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Indonesian mosque
http://www.richard-seaman.com/Travel/Brunei/index.html
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Muslim mosque and tombstone in
Sarajevo, Bosnia
Yugoslavia: Republics and Provinces
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Mosque in Tempe, Arizona
http://www.4uth.gov.ua/usa/english/society/muslimlife/mosques.htm
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Vocabulary:
QURAN (or KORAN):
Muslim holy book
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The Quran:
Holy Book
Of Islam
• After Muhammad, the people had to
decide who was going to be their religious
leader. They came up with the leader
called a caliph.
• A caliph calimed to be the successor of
Muhammad.
• After Muhammad and a series of caliphs,
the Arab Empire experienced invaders and
military attacks.
• The Crusades were a series of military
conflicts between Muslims and those
trying to recapture the Holy Land.
• The Ottoman Empire existed in the 1300s
and 1400s and included growth of the
Islamic culture and religion.
Just like there are different denominations of
Christianity (Baptist, Presbyterian etc.) are
there different branches of Islam???
• YES!! This division happened after Muhammad
died and people were fighting about who is the
new leader. The two groups are:
• Sunnis
• Shiites
• Which group are there more of???
• Sunnis!! About 90% of Muslims are Sunnis!!!
Sunni or Shiites???
• What is the difference between these 2
groups?
• Sunni-believe that any righteous male was
qualified to be the leader.
• Shiites-believe that a leader must be a
direct descendant of Muhammad.
Conclusions:
• Islam is an important religion, which
shares many beliefs and practices with
Christianity and Judaism.
• Muslims live in many different countries.
Islam is especially widespread in Africa,
Asia, and southeastern Europe (the
Balkans).
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