Transcript Ch3_3IslamAfterDeathOfMuhammad

Ch. 3.3: Islam After Muhammad’s Death
Focus Question:
What happened to the spread of Islam
after Muhammad’s death?
Question 1: What were Muhammad’s
accomplishments?
Question 1: What were Muhammad’s accomplishments?
• Muhammad became an
important religious,
military, and political
leader
• Spread Islam to most of
the Arabian Peninsula
• Muhammad died in 632
leaving Muslims without a
leader
Question 2: Who was Abu Bakr
(Ah*boo Bah*kuhr)?
Question 2: Who was Abu Bakr (Ah*boo Bah*kuhr)?
• Muhammad’s father in-law and trusted friend
• Respected for his devotion to Muhammad and
Islam
• Elected as Muhammad’s successor after
Muhammad’s death
Question 3: What did Abu Bakr accomplish?
Question 3: What did Abu Bakr accomplish?
• In 632 became first caliph (kay*lihf)
– Caliph = title that mean “successor”, a civil and
religious ruler
• Used military force to reunite Muslim
community that had begun to fall apart after
Muhammad’s death
Question 4: Who were the “rightly guided” caliphs
and what did they do?
Question 4: Who were the “rightly guided” caliphs
and what did they do?
• Abu Bakr and next 3 elected caliphs – Umar,
Uthman, and Ali
• Used military conquest in other regions to
continue to spread Islam
• Empire grew four times in size under these
caliphs and included all of Southwest Asia and
stretched into North Africa
Question 5: Why was the Muslim Military successful?
Question 5: Why was the Muslim Military successful?
• Believed Allah supported them
• Energized by faith and willing to fight to
spread Islam
• Highly skilled military leaders
• Empires they conquered were already
weakened from war with each other
• Muslims let conquered peoples keep their
own religions if they wanted to because the
Qur’an did not allow forced conversions
Question 6: What happened over time
in Muslim ruled areas?
Question 6: What happened over time in Muslim ruled areas?
• Blending of many cultures
• Many peoples converted to Islam
– Attracted to Islam’s message of equality and hope for
salvation in Heaven
– Wanted economic benefit – Muslims didn’t have to pay
certain taxes
• People of the book (Jews and Christians) received
special treatment:
– Paid a poll tax each year in exchange for not having to
perform military duties
– Held important roles in the Muslim state as officials and
scholars