Transcript Paper_2_revision[1]

Religion and Human Experience
Revision
Medicine
SANCTITY OF LIFE
Abortion
Euthanasia
IVF
Organ
donation
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No direct teaching
Sanctity of life
Life is precious, holy, sacred
Life is a gift from God
Only God can give and take life
10 Commandments “Do not kill.”
God’s plan
Life is a test
Judged on how treated others
Abortion
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No direct teaching in Bible/Qur’an
Sanctity of life
10 Commandments “Do not kill”
Only God/Allah can take life
ENSOULMENT – 120 days after conception
Psalm 139 – God knew you in your mother’s
womb
May allow if mother’s life is at risk
Islam – a child has the right to ask why they
were killed.
Woman’s right to choose
Product of rape
Euthanasia
No direct teaching in Bible/Qur’an
Sanctity of life
10 Commandments “Do not kill”
Qur’an forbids murder
Only God/Allah can take life
Hospice
What if a miracle occurs?
What if the patient changes their mind?
Hippocratic Oath
Life is a test - cheating
People should be able to decide for themselves when
to die
• Pain/suffering/dignity
• In heaven there is no more tears, sadness and pain
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IVF
No direct teaching in Bible/Qur’an
Sanctity of life
Only God can create life/playing God
Catholic – it is not your right to have a child
God’s plan?
Children have a right to know who their parents
are
• Adultery
• Prefer AIH rather than AID
• Involves masturbation by male – sin for
Catholics
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Organ donation
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No direct teaching in Bible/Qur’an
Sanctity of life
God’s plan?
Spiritual existence in heaven – don’t need your physical
organs
Islam – nothing to be removed from the body
But...Recent fatwa – Muslims can carry organ donor card
Love your neighbour – treat people how you would like to
be treated – share organs
Poor not to be exploited – black market for organs
God gave us the gift of technology to do this
Brings life out of death
What can a religious believer do if there are no
specific teachings in Bible/Qur’an?
• Pray
• Look for other relevant texts, ie, “Do
not kill.”
• Speak to priest/imam
• Speak to experts about the issue
• Consider the effects on themselves &
society
CONFLICT
Just War
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Proportionality
Innocents protected
Declared by government/UN
Just Cause
Aim = restore peace
Lesser jihad
Proportionality
Innocents protected
Authorised by Muslim authority
Just cause
Aim = restore peace
Trees, crops & animals protected
Ended as soon as enemy lays down
their arms
Christianity & war
Jesus didn’t use violence
Jesus “turn the other cheek”
“Do not kill”
“All who fight by the sword will die by
the sword”
• Quakers – pacifism
• Righteous anger – Jesus in Temple
• Martin Luther King
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Islam & war
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Islam = peace
Allah commands people to live in peace
Muhammad fought in wars
Hadith talk about fighting in just wars
Qur’an says anyone who dies fighting in
a just war will go straight to paradise
Forgiveness
• Lord’s prayer - forgive others/ask God to
forgive us
• How can we expect God to forgive us if we
don’t forgive others?
• Jesus on cross – forgive them, the don’t
know what they are doing
• Jesus said forgive 70 x 7 times
• Martin Luther King forgave
• Qur’an says to forgive others
• Hadith about Muhammad forgiving people
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Northern Ireland
Protestants and Catholics
Reconciliation
Residentials
Assemblies
Football teams
Children’s programme where a clown
made children realise the hurt of being
laughed at because they are different
Suffering
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God’s plan
Life is a test
Freewill
Original sin – Adam and Eve
Devil
Good can come out of suffering
Rewarded
Pray
Work for a charity
Fund raising
Expression
What is meant by ‘faith?’
Believing in the support of someone or something,
for example, God
A belief in a particular religion, for example, Christianity/
Islam
Why worship in church/mosque?
Community
Sacred
Pictures &
objects
Imam/priest
Pilgrimage
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Journey to a place of special religious significance
Hajj – Mecca/duty/5 Pillars/ihram/ummah
Go at least once in a lifetime
Where Muhammad lived & worked/throw stones at pillars
Lourdes – healed/water/ St Bernadette/virgin Mary
Holy Land/Israel/Bethlehem (born), Nazareth (lived),
Jerusalem (crucified/resurrected)
Evangelism
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How some religions spread their beliefs
Try to convert
Duty
“Go and make disciples of all nations”
Only Christians/Muslims will go to heaven.
Media/leaflets/knock on doors
J John - evangelist
Interfaith dialogue
• Speaking to others about faith
The Fish - ICHTUS
The fish was an early symbol of Christian faith. It is thought
Christians chose the fish because:
•The fish was not an obvious sign to the enemy/secret symbol
When the early Christians were persecuted they needed
a symbol that was not easily recognised by their enemies.
They took the Greek first letter of their beliefs - Jesus Christ,
God’s son, Saviour.
This spells ICHTUS which translates as fish.
Therefore a fish as used as a secret symbol!
• Cross
Crucifix
Star and crescent
Just as the star and moon can guide
you through the night, Islam can guide
you through life.
Religious believers should not be allowed to wear
symbols of their faith
•It can offend others
• It can divide people
• It can be inappropriate depending
upon where and what is worn
• You don't need to wear a symbol to
show you are religious
• devalued - anyone can wear the
symbol
•Respect
•Commitment
Capital punishment
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Do not kill
Sanctity of life
Protect society
Islam – family can ask for death money
instead
What if a mistake is made – Sally Clark
Death is easier than life in prison – Gary
Gilmore
Islam allows execution – murder, apostasy
and adultery
Muhammad sentenced people to death
Was capital punishment in Bible
Derek Bentley: “Let him have it.”
Derek Bentley conviction
quashed after 45 years
Mr Bentley, who was said to have a
mental age of just eleven...
The Court of Appeal in London said the
conviction of the teenager, Derek
The court was told his co-defendant,
Bentley, was unsafe.
Christopher Craig, fired the fatal shot
but because he was still a juvenile in the
eyes of the law he escaped the death
sentence
Oscar Romero
How do religious believers decide what right
or Wrong?
• Most of us grow up with a sense of right and
wrong. This can be from out parents/guardians,
teachers, and society itself.
• The same is true for religious believers but in
addiction to this they base their decisions on
other sources of moral authority.
• Conscience
• Tradition
• Scripture
• Religious leaders
The Role of sacred texts
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Bible
Old Testament & New Testament
Inspired by God – word of God
Some believe is literally true, others say the teachings
need to be interpreted for today.
God speaks through the Bible
Try to live according to its teachings, 10 Commandments,
etc
Gospels tell about life & teachings of Jesus – example to
follow
Supreme authority in matters
Read from lectern – shows its importance
Court of law – oaths are taken on the Bible showing its
authority
The Role of sacred texts
• Qur’an
• Collection of messages revealed by Allah to
Muhammad
• Qur’an is speaking the word of Allah
• Ultimate guidance for a Muslim’s life
• Covers all aspects of time – unchanging
• Respect is shown in the way it is treated
• Shari’ah comes from the Qur’an
• Contains many rules for the behaviour expected of
Muslims
• Hadith