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Significant Practices in the life of the
Adherents
THE HAJJ
HOW DID ISLAM GROW??
The Spread of Islam

In 642 CE, the Muslim commander Amr bin al
Aas conquered Cyrenaica. By the end of the
decade, Muslim control extended across all of
Libya. In 670 CE, the Muslims swept into
Tunisia, finally taking Carthage in 693 CE. By
710 CE the Muslims had reached Morocco.
Two years leter, the victorious Muslim army
crossed the Meditarranean into Spain and, in
three years, extended the Muslim writ to all of
Spain except for the mountainous northern
region.

In one hundred years, the Muslims had grown
from a small band of committed followers of
the Prophet (peace be upon him) into masters
of a massive empire which extended from the
Atlantic in the West to the Himalayas in the
east.

List of Sections:

Childhood

Marriage

Revelation

Conflict with Makkans

Migration

Consolidation

Battle of Badr

Battle of the Ditch

The Taking of Makkah

The Death of the Prophet

The Spread of Islam
Abu Bakr Al Siddiqi Mosque in Madinah
Abu Bakr succeeded the Prophet (peace
be upon him) and, in his short period as
Caliph, completed the unification of the
Arabs of the peninsula. Under the
command of the second Caliph, Umar bin
Al-Khattab, the Arabs, now united and a
formidable, battle-hardened force, swept
north into Iraq and Syria, and west into
Egypt. In 636 CE, at the Battle of Yarmuk,
the Muslims defeated the Byzantine army
and Muslim control of Palestine was
established. The fate of the Persian
Empire, under the Sassanids, was
determined in 637 CE at the battle of
Qadisiyyah where another Muslim victory
led to the fall of the Sassanid capital
Ctesiphon. In the period 639 to 641 CE,
Muslim rule was extended to Egypt. By
641 CE, the Muslim empire covered the
whole of the Arabian peninsula, Syria,
Palestine and Egypt. Muslim armies then
marched on along the north African
coast.
Historical Places in Saudi Arabia

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There is a brief
explanation of some
of the places of
historical interest in
the Kingdom of
Saudi Arabia.
- Masjid Jum'a
- Masjid Quba'
- Masjid Qiblatayn
- Masjid Ghamama
- Other Mosques
- Jannat al-Baqi'
 Masjid Jum'a
 This mosque marks
the place where
Prophet Muhammad
(peace be upon him)
offered his first
Jum'a prayer on
arriving in the city of
Madinah.
Masjid Quba'
 Quba' Mosque in
Madinah
 This is the first
mosque in Islam.
Its foundation
stone was laid by
the Prophet himself
when he reached
Madinah.
Masjid Qiblatayn
 The Two Qiblas
Mosque (Masjid
Qiblatayn)
 In this mosque, the
Prophet was instructed
by Allah while in
prayer to turn from
the direction of
Jerusalem and turn
towards the Kaaba in
Makkah. The name of
the mosque means
"the mosque of two
qiblas".
SAUDI ARABIA
This Holy Country has the
honor and privilege of
providing integrated services
for the pilgrims of Allah's
Inviolable House, for those
performing pilgrimage Hajj or
Umrah and for all visitors of
the Mosque of the Noble
Prophet, peace be upon him.
Such services begin from the
moment pilgrims set foot in
the territory of the Kingdom,
till their return to their
respective countries. Caring
for the needs of pilgrims
occupies first priority among
the Kingdom’s concerns.
As is declared in the
Kingdom's Governance
Statutes, issued in 1414 H.,
"The State shall assume the
responsibility of serving the
two Holy Mosques, shall take
full care of pilgrims, and shall
reconstruct the two Holy
Mosques and provide services
thereto. It shall provide
security and care for the
visitors thereof to enable them
to perform Hajj, Umrah, and
visit the Prophet's Mosque in
peace and tranquility.
HAJJ COMMITTEE
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Supreme Hajj Committee
With a view to centralizing studies,
decisions and recommendations
related to Hajj affairs, the 'Supreme
Hajj Committee' was established
under the chairmanship of the
Interior Minister. Its members
include some of the governors of
regions and ministers concerned
with Hajj services and pilgrim
affairs.
This Committee supervises the
drafting of the annual General Hajj
Master Plan, the studies, proposals
and recommendations submitted by
sub-committee for developing Hajj
facilities and working out the
required arrangements to achieve
the maximum comfort for pilgrims.

The executive activities on Hajj
affairs usually starts on the first day
of the month of Rajab every year,
five months before Hajj.
Assignments are implemented
under the directives of the Higher
Hajj Committee according to timetables, with preparations increasing
every month, reaching their peak
during the month of Dhu'l-Qa'dah
and Dhu'l-Hijjah, when pilgrims
begin to arrive and move between
Makkah, Madinah and the Holy
Sites.
MECCA

Holy City of Makkah
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Aerial view of Makkah

The Holy City of Makkah, which lies
inland 73 kilometers east of Jeddah, is
the place where the Prophet
Muhammad, peace be upon him, was
born - the place where God's message
was first revealed to him and the city
to which he returned after the
migration to Madinah in 622 CE.
Makkah is the holiest city on earth to
Muslims. It is variously known as
Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Umm Al-Qura
(the origin of the Cities), Al Balad AlAmeen (the Secure City), and Al-Balad
Al-Haram (the Sacred City). Five times
each day, the world's more than one
billion Muslims, wherever they may be,
turn to the Holy City of Makkah to
pray. And at least once in their lives, all
Muslims who are not prevented by
personal circumstance perform the
Hajj, the pilgrimage to Makkah. Thus
each year the Holy City of Makkah is
host to some two million hajjis
(pilgrims) from all over the world.
The Holy Mosque in Makkah
houses the Kaaba, in the corner
of which is set the Black Stone
which marks the starting point
for the seven
circumambulations of the Holy
Mosque which every hajji must
complete. The Holy City is
served by the seaport and
international airport of Jeddah.
MECCA and MEDINA
Holy City of Mecca (Makkah)

The Holy City of Makkah, which lies inland 73
kilometers east of Jeddah, is the place where
the Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him,
was born - the place where God's message was
first revealed to him and the city to which he
returned after the migration to Madinah in 622
CE. Makkah is the holiest city on earth to
Muslims. It is variously known as Makkah AlMukarramah, Umm Al-Qura (the origin of the
Cities), Al Balad Al-Ameen (the Secure City),
and Al-Balad Al-Haram (the Sacred City). Five
times each day, the world's more than one
billion Muslims, wherever they may be, turn to
the Holy City of Makkah to pray. And at least
once in their lives, all Muslims who are not
prevented by personal circumstance perform
the Hajj, the pilgrimage to Makkah. Thus each
year the Holy City of Makkah is host to some
two million hajjis (pilgrims) from all over the
world. The Holy Mosque in Makkah houses the
Kaaba, in the corner of which is set the Black
Stone which marks the starting point for the
seven circumambulations of the Holy Mosque
which every hajji must complete. The Holy City
is served by the seaport and international
airport of Jeddah.
Holy City of Medina (Madinah)

Prophet's Mosque in Madinah

The Holy City of Madinah, which lies in the central
Hijaz 447 kilometers north of the Holy City of Makkah,
is 625 meters (2,050 feet) above sea level. Sited on a
fertile oasis, it is bounded on three sides by hills which
form part of the Hijaz mountain range. The highest of
these hills, Mount Uhud, rises more than 2,000 meters
above the oasis. Madinah is the second holiest city in
Islam. It was to Madinah that the Prophet Muhammad
(peace be upon him) and his followers, faced by the
hostility and persecution of the Makkan merchants,
departed in 622 CE - and, when the citizens of Madinah
asked the Prophet to live amongst them and to
arbitrate in their affairs (an invitation taken to mean
their rejection of polytheism and submission to the will
of the one God, Allah), it was in Madinah that the
Islamic era began. Madinah is then the city of the
Prophet. As the place in which the Holy Qur'an was
compiled and from which the Prophet's companions
administered the affairs of the Muslim community, it
was the seat of the first Islamic state. From Madinah,
armies, spreading the word of the Prophet, were
dispatched to Egypt, Persia and Syria. Madinah is also
the place in which the Prophet, peace be upon him,
was buried. Madinah is the Arabic for "city". The full
name of Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah means
"Enlightened City". A visit to Madinah is not part of
Umrah or Hajj but the deep affection in which the
Prophet held the city and its intimate connection with
the birth of Islam puts it on the itinerary of most
pilgrims performing Hajj.
What is The HAJJ??
 The Hajj is the
pilgrimage to the Holy
City of Makkah during
the month of Dhu'lHijjah. The performance
of the Hajj is the fifth of
the five pillars of Islam.
For every Muslim able to
perform Hajj, it is
mandatory to make the
journey at least once; for
all Muslims it is the
journey of a lifetime.
History of the HAJJ

The Prophet Ibrahim builds the Kaaba and performs Hajj (1)

The rites of the Hajj were laid down by Allah to mark historic events in the life of
Prophet Ibrahim, which show his absolute and total submission to the will of
Allah. Allah commanded the Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham), on one of his visits to
see Haajar and Ishmael, to build the House of God (the Holy Kaaba). With the
help of his son Ishmael, Ibrahim built the House of God on the ground where
the Kaaba stands to this day.

The Archangel Gabriel brought from Paradise a stone, known as the Black
Stone (Al-Hajar Al-Aswad), which was set into one corner of the Kaaba.

Behold! We gave the site To Ibrahim, of the (Sacred) House, (Saying):
"Associate not anything (In worship) with Me; And sanctify My House For those
who compass it round Or stand up Or bow, or prostrate themselves (Therein in
prayer).

"And proclaim the Pilgrimage Among men: they will come To thee on foot and
(mounted) On every kind of camel, Lean on account of journeys Through deep
and distant Mountain highways;

"That they may witness The benefits (provided ) for them, And celebrate the
name Of God, through the Days Appointed, over the cattle Which He has
provided for them (For sacrifice): then eat ye Thereof and feed the distressed
Ones in want.

"Then let them complete The rites prescribed For them, perform their vows,
And (again) circumambulate The Ancient House."

Surah Al Hajj 22: 26 - 29

Ibrahim abandons Haajar and Ishmael

The Prophet Ibrahim builds the Kaaba and performs Hajj (2)
History of the HAJJ

Ibrahim Abandons Haajar and Ishmael

The Holy Qur'an tells us that the Prophet Ibrahim was given
the task of leading mankind.

And remember that Ibrahim Was tried by His Lord With
certain Commands Which he fulfilled: He said: "I will make
thee An Imam to the Nations."

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Prophet Ibrahim was ordered to go Makkah. When he
reached Makkah, he was commanded by Allah to abandon
his second wife, Haajar, and his first-born son Ishmael in
this barren, rocky, uninhabited valley.
O our Lord! I have made Some of my offspring to dwell In a
valley without cultivation, By The Sacred House; In order, O
our Lord, that they May establish regular Prayer: So fill the
hearts of some Among men with love towards them, And
feed them with Fruits So that they may give thanks. S 14.37
Soon Haajar's meager provisions of dates and water were
exhausted and both mother and child became thirsty.
Seeing the suffering of her son, Haajar became desperate
to find water. She ran to the hill of Safa but found nothing.
She then ran to the hill of Marwah. But again she was
disappointed. Seven times she ran between the two hills.
Suddenly, close to where Ishmael lay, water sprang from
the earth by the command of Allah. This source of water
was to become known as the well of Zamzam.
The Prophet Ibrahim builds the Kaaba and performs Hajj (1)

The Prophet Ibrahim builds the Kaaba and performs Hajj
(1)

The rites of the Hajj were laid down by Allah to mark
historic events in the life of Prophet Ibrahim, which show
his absolute and total submission to the will of Allah. Allah
commanded the Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham), on one of his
visits to see Haajar and Ishmael, to build the House of God
(the Holy Kaaba). With the help of his son Ishmael, Ibrahim
built the House of God on the ground where the Kaaba
stands to this day.

The Archangel Gabriel brought from Paradise a stone,
known as the Black Stone (Al-Hajar Al-Aswad), which was
set into one corner of the Kaaba.

Behold! We gave the site To Ibrahim, of the (Sacred) House,
(Saying): "Associate not anything (In worship) with Me; And
sanctify My House For those who compass it round Or
stand up Or bow, or prostrate themselves (Therein in
prayer).

"And proclaim the Pilgrimage Among men: they will come
To thee on foot and (mounted) On every kind of camel,
Lean on account of journeys Through deep and distant
Mountain highways;

"That they may witness The benefits (provided ) for them,
And celebrate the name Of God, through the Days
Appointed, over the cattle Which He has provided for them
(For sacrifice): then eat ye Thereof and feed the distressed
Ones in want.

"Then let them complete The rites prescribed For them,
perform their vows, And (again) circumambulate The
Ancient House."

Surah Al Hajj 22: 26 - 29

Ibrahim abandons Haajar and Ishmael
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The Prophet Ibrahim builds the Kaaba and performs Hajj (2)
History of the HAJJ

Period of Idolatry

Kaaba
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Over the centuries, the pure monotheism of
Ibrahim was gradually diluted and debased and
the Hajj rites as transmitted by Allah to Ibrahim
became adulterated with pagan rites.
In this way, the purity of worship for God which
Ibrahim had performed and passed to his firstborn son was eroded over the centuries until, by
the time of the birth of the Prophet Muhammad
(peace be upon him), there was nothing much left
and the darkness of paganism and idolatry lay
across the land. Matters could not be set right
until the prayer was answered:


"Our Lord! Send amongst them A Messenger of
their own, Who shall rehearse Thy Signs To them
and instruct them In Scripture and Wisdom. And
sanctify them: For Thou art the Exalted in Might,
The Wise.


S. 2:129
After Ibrahim

The Kaaba rebuilt once more
History of the HAJJ

After Ibrahim

Southern corner of Kaaba (Yamani corner)

When Ishmael grew up, he married the daughter of the
chief of the Banu Jurhum, a tribe which had settled in the
Makkah valley.

When Ibrahim died, Ishmael continued to perform Hajj each
year and to look after the Kaaba.
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After the death of Ishmael, the Kaaba came into the
possession of the Banu Jurhum tribe. It remained with the
Banu Jurhum tribe for many centuries until the Khuza'ah
tribe took it over.

Throughout this period the Kaaba was vulnerable to
flooding for it stood in a valley which, from time to time,
experienced heavy rainfall. One such flood virtually
destroyed the building.

Seeing the Holy Kaaba in a state of disrepair, Qusay bin
Kilaab, of the Quraysh tribe, rebuilt it, according to the
original design but adding a roof to protect it from the
extremes of weather. Qusay, who was born around 400 CE,
was renowned for his wisdom. He built the first "town hall"
in the Arabian Peninsula where leaders of the tribes could
discuss and resolve political, social and commercial issues.
He also set out rules for the supply of food and water to the
pilgrims who came to Makkah, and he even persuaded the
indigenous Arabs to pay a tax towards their support.

The Prophet Ibrahim builds the Kaaba and performs Hajj (2)

Period of Idolatry
History of the HAJJ

The Kaaba rebuilt once more

Schematic Kaaba

About 600 CE, the Quraysh tribe, which was now in the
ascendant, decided to gather sufficient funds to
rebuild the Kaaba. Once again, the structure had been
weakened by periodic floods and, on one occasion,
partially destroyed by fire when a woman spreading
incense in the Kaaba had inadvertently set the place
alight. The new structure was built out of wood and
stone, in alternate layers.

When the time came, the positioning of the Black
Stone in its accustomed place was the cause of some
disagreement, since all the tribes engaged in the
rebuilding sought the honor of placing the Black Stone
themselves. To resolve the issue, it was agreed that the
first man to enter the Haram should make the
decision. The first man to enter the Haram was the
Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and he
accepted the role of arbiter. He told them to place the
Black Stone in the middle of a strong cloth. A
representative from each tribe should then take hold
of the edge of the cloth and raise the stone. Once
raised in this way by all the tribes, Muhammad himself
fixed the Black Stone in position.

Period of Idolatry

The cleansing of the Kaaba
History of the HAJJ
 The Cleansing of the Kaaba
 Pilgrims praying in front of
Kaaba
 When the Prophet Muhammad
(peace be upon him) took
control of Makkah in 8 AH (630
CE), he left the Kaaba building
as it was, but he destroyed all
the idols and removed the
paintings and all other pagan
decorations from the inner walls.
Thus, once more, the Kaaba, the
House of God, was dedicated to
the simple and pure worship of
the one true God.
 The Kaaba rebuilt once more
Ways to perform HAJJ
 Three Ways of Performing
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Hajj
Circumambulation of Kaaba
There are three ways of
performing the Hajj.
Hajj al-Tamattu'
Hajj al-Ifrad
Hajj al-Qiran
 Hajj al-Tamattu'
 Hajj al-Tamattu' involves
performing Umrah and then
Hajj, with one Ihram for each.
 This form of Hajj is
considered the best of three
forms of Hajj. It is the one
that the Prophet Muhammad
(peace be upon him) urged
his followers to perform and
is the one adopted by most
pilgrims from overseas.

 For a full description, click
Stages of Hajj al-Tamattu'
WAYS of PERFORMING
HAJJ
 Hajj al-Ifrad
 Circumambulation of
Kaaba
 Hajj al-Ifrad involves
performing Hajj only. A
sacrificial animal is not
obligatory when
performing Hajj alIfrad.

 Hajj al-Qiran
 Al Masjid al Haram
(Grand Mosque)
 Hajj al-Qiran involves
combining Umrah and
Hajj, with only one
Ihram for both.
Layout of Al-Masjid
Al-Haram
ROADS and MOVING during HAJJ

Moving from Mina to Makkah

Roads connecting Mina to Makkah through
tunnels

Definition of Service

Grouping of pilgrims from Mina to Makkah
(second nafrah), which signals the completion
of the Hajj rituals. This takes place during the
twelfth or thirteenth days of Dhu'l-Hijjah,
before sunset. The grouping of pilgrims with
their belongings from Mina is performed in
the buses of the transport companies that use
standard name that are affiliated to the
General Cars Syndicate in coordination with
the Ministry of Pilgrimage and the Traffic
Department, for drawing up the nafrah plan.

How the service is provided:
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- Buses arriving from Muzdalifah enter the
appropriate roads that are close to the
pilgrims' camps.

- Provision of adequate labor for loading
pilgrims' belongings.

- Organizing the process of embarking
pilgrims according to their residence location
in Makkah Al-Mukarramah.

- Proceeding to pilgrims' residences in
Makkah Al-Mukarramah.
DISPATCHING OF PILGRIMS

Plan of Dispatching Pilgrims to the Jamarat Bridge

The Jamarat Bridge during peak hours

Definition of Service:

Preparation and follow up of the plan of grouping
and dispatching of pilgrims heading to the Jamarat
Bridge from their camps at Mina according to the
time tables that are designated pursuant to the
operation capacity of the Jamarat Bridge, to ensure
the safety of pilgrims and the flow of movement on
the Bridge.

How the service is provided

- Designating specific times for jamarat casting that
are not in the peak days on the 10th of Dhu'l-Hijjah.

- Coordination with Hajj missions and officials of
tourist companies and agencies.

- Drawing up flexible schedules for grouping and
dispatching of participating pilgrims to the Jamarat
Bridge.

- Involving all Tawafa Establishments and stressing
the need for them to adhere to the designated
schedules.

- Commencing the organized grouping on schedule
with the accompaniment of the establishment
officials and the field service groups.

- Coordinating with all participating security
authorities through the Joint Coordination Chamber.

- The field monitoring and follow up of the actual
conditions and taking appropriate decisions on the
spot.
HOLY SITES

Kingdom as Guardian of the Holy
Places

Kaaba in the Grand Mosque

The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is the site
of Islam's two holiest places.

From the inception of the Kingdom, the
Saudi royal family has seen
guardianship of the Holy Places and
facilitating pilgrimage as two primary
duties.

During his reign, King Abdul Aziz (Ibn
Saud) made clear in no uncertain
manner that attacks by brigands on
pilgrims would not be tolerated and,
within available resources, every effort
was made to ensure the safety and
comfort of pilgrims.

In successive reigns, no expense has
been spared in developing the two Holy
Mosques in Makkah and Madinah and
doing everything to ensure the ease
and security of the millions of pilgrims
who visit the holy sites each year.


In the late King Fahd's reign, this
tradition was maintained and, with the
benefit of increased revenues, a
program of expansion and
refurbishment on an unprecedented
scale was implemented. Of all the
projects with which the late King Fahd
was personally identified, none was
closer to his heart than the expansion
of the Holy Mosques in Makkah and
Madinah. To emphasize the monarchy's
commitment, and his own, to this
responsibility, in 1986 King Fahd
adopted the title of Custodian of the
Two Holy Mosques in preference to the
title of His Majesty.
On the death of King Fahd on 1st
August, 2005, the title of Custodian of
the Two Holy Mosques was assumed by
King Fahd's successor, King Abdullah.
Holy Sites Continued

Muzdalifah

Hajj route

Muzdalifah is a valley between Mina and
Mount Arafat in which pilgrims on Hajj spend
the night in the open. It is here they gather
pebbles to hurl at the pillars of Mina.

Holy Mosque in Makkah

Panoramic view of Haram in Makkah

The religious center of the Holy City of
Makkah is the Haram Mosque (al Masjid al
Haram) and the well of Zamzam. The present
Haram, meaning "sanctuary", dates from 1570
CE (978 AH), and takes the form of a central
quadrangle surrounded by stone walls.
Around the inner sanctuary is a marble
pavement, the al-Mataf. The holiest shrine of
Islam, the Kaaba, is situated at the heart of
the Holy Mosque's central courtyard. The
Haram Mosque (al Masjid al Haram) has a long
and glorious tradition of expansion, dating
back to 638 CE (7 AH) when the ever
increasing number of Muslims led the second
caliph, Umar bin al-Khattab, to develop the
site.

Prophet's Mosque in Madinah

Prophet's Mosque in Madinah

The Prophet's Mosque in Madinah contain the
tomb of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be
upon him) and is therefore one of Islam's
most sacred shrines.

Mina

City of tents, Mina

Mina, which lies between the Holy City of
Makkah and Muzdalifah, is now known as tent
city. Here are the white pillars representing
the devil at which the pilgrims cast the
pebbles they gathered at Muzdalifah.
KA’BA



Kaaba
Al-Moltazam
The Kaaba, a large stone structure constituting a
single room with a marble floor, lies at the heart of
the Holy Mosque (al Masjid al Haram) in the Holy
City of Makkah. The Kaaba is Islam's holiest
building. It now stands some 60 feet high and each
side is approximately 60 feet in length. The Kaaba
is the focal point around which the Holy Mosque is
built. The four walls of the Kaaba are covered with
a black curtain (the Kiswah) which reaches to the
ground and is fastened to the Shadharwan with
copper rings. The door of the Kaaba is set in the
south-east wall, about seven feet from the ground.
Inside, there are pillars, which support the roof.
The interior is furnished with many gold and silver
lamps. On the inner walls, there are several bands
of inscriptions which record the many repairs done
to the Kaaba. The Holy Qur'an makes it clear that
Ibrahim (Abraham) and his son Ishmael were the
true founders of the Kaaba, together building the
holy shrine dedicated to the worship of the one
true God. Five times each day more than a billion
Muslims around the world turn to face the
direction of the Kaaba to offer their prayers to the
one true God.

It is also, of course, the focal point of the Hajj
when, once each year, some two million pilgrims
converge on the Holy City of Makkah. Set in the
eastern corner of the Kaaba is the Black Stone (alHajar al-Aswad). The Black Stone predates the
birth of Islam but now, set in gold, forms an
integral part of the Kaaba. In the course of the
pilgrimage, the Hajjis will kiss or touch the Black
Stone, not because the Black Stone is holy in itself
but because it was kissed by the Prophet
Muhammad (peace be upon him). On the roof of
the Kaaba is a gilt water spout (al-Masabb) which
projects out from the north-west wall. Opposite
the north-west wall of the Kaaba, but not joined to
it, is a semi-circular wall (Al-Hateem) which is 5ft
high and 3ft thick. This area is also known as Hijr
Ishmael. To the north-east side of the Kaaba is the
Maqam Ibrahim, a small kiosk of glass and metal
topped by a small dome. In it is kept the stone on
which Ibrahim stood while building the Kaaba.
Nearly opposite the Black Stone, near the Maqam
Ibrahim, is the well of Zamzam.
The Black Stone in the Ka’ba
 Black Stone
 Black Stone in the Holy
Mosque
 Set in the eastern corner of
the Kaaba is the Black
Stone (al-Hajar al-Aswad).
The Black Stone predates
the birth of Islam but now,
set in gold, forms an
integral part of the Kaaba.
It was brought from
Paradise by the Archangel
Gabriel and was set into
one corner of the Kaaba.
TAWAF




Notes on different types of Tawaf
Haram during peak season
Tawaf is the circumambulation seven times of the
Holy Kaaba.
Each circumambulation (shawt) starts from the
Black Stone (al-Hajar al-Aswad).

You should move off from the Black Stone
counter-clockwise.


Each circuit is completed when you return to the
Black Stone and perform the Istilam (the kissing,
touching or pointing to the Stone).
On completion of seven circuits, continue to move
counter-clockwise until you reach your point of
exit.
There are five types of Tawaf.

- Tawaf al-Qudum

- Tawaf al-Ifadha
- Tawaf al-Wadaa




- Tawaf al-Nafl
- Tawaf al-Umrah
ZAKAT

Zakat (Charitable Giving)

Al Masjid al Haram at night

In various parts of the Holy Qur'an great stress is laid
on the Zakat, that is, almsgiving to those who deserve
it. Each able Muslim should give a certain percentage
of his annual income, either in money or kind, to the
poor and the indigent. In Saudi Arabia, the religious
obligation of Zakat has been officially recognized by
the establishment of the Department of Zakat under
the auspices of the Ministry of Finance. Zakat on the
individual's annual income from any legal source
amounts to almost 2.5%, subject to strict conditions.

It is believed that one of the reasons for the imposition
of Zakat is that Islam calls for the purity of both the
soul and the body. (Zakat means purification, and the
payment of Zakat is regarded primarily as an act of
worship of God.) Since it is required of the rich that
they satisfy the needs of the poor, the paying of Zakat
no doubt enhances amity and caring within society and
strengthens the relationship between the wealthy and
the indigent. It reflects fulfillment of an early concept
of social justice, as it is taken from each person
according to his capacity. The Book of God, the Holy
Qur'an, says "Take of their wealth a portion (as charity)
to purify them by it".
Mt ARAFAT
 Arafat
 Al-Rahmah Mountain in Arafat
 Mount Arafat which stands
about 70 meters high, is a
granite hill to the east of the
Holy City of Makkah. It was on
Mount Arafat that Adam and
Eve, separated for 200 years
following their expulsion from
the Garden of Eden, recognized
each other and were reunited.
Here too they were forgiven by
Allah, the Merciful, for their
transgression. And here, in
present times, the pilgrim
performing Hajj must spend an
afternoon in a state of Ihram.
ARAFAT to MINA

Going to Arafat from Mina

Arafat

9th of Dhu'l-Hijjah: This is the Day of Arafat. You will
be in Arafat from after dawn until after sunset on
9th Dhu'l-Hijjah.

After performing the dawn (Fajr) prayer at Mina, leave
for Arafat on the morning of the 9th of Dhu'l-Hijjah.

When you reach Arafat, you may stay anywhere in
Arafat, except in 'Batn Arafah, the valley immediately
after the Namirah Mosque in the direction of Qibla.
Devote as much of your time as possible to prayer.
Repent your sins, and seek the forgiveness of Allah.

At the Namirah Mosque listen to the Arafat day
sermon.

From after noon onwards, perform Wuquf at Arafah.
This is the most holy of times when you stand alone
with Allah. Go outside your tent, and face towards the
Qibla in the Holy City of Makkah, raise your hands and
pray to Allah, pray as you wish, pray in your own
language, pray for the forgiveness of sins, pray with all
your heart.

When the sun has set, leave Arafat for Muzdalifah.

Going to Mina from Makkah

Going to Muzdalifah from Arafat
TENTS at MINA
 Mina
 City of tents, Mina
 Mina, which lies between
the Holy City of Makkah
and Muzdalifah, is now
known as tent city. Here
are the white pillars
representing the devil at
which the pilgrims cast
the pebbles they
gathered at Muzdalifah.
Throwing stones at the Devil in MINA

Proceeding to Mina from Muzdalifah

Casting of the Jamarat stones at the Jamarat pillar

10th of Dhu'l-Hijjah: You will be in Mina for the stoning
(ramy) of Jamarat ul Kubra; the stoning must be
performed according to pre-determined schedules. The
stoning is followed by shaving/cutting of hair
(Halq/Taqseer).

Here seven times you will stone the pillar that represents
the devil, saying "Bismillah, Allahu akbar" each time you
throw a pebble. "Bismillah" means "in the name of Allah".
"Allahu akbar" means "God is great".

Women and those who are old or otherwise infirm need not
themselves perform ramy, leaving it to those delegated to
perform it on their behalf.

You will now leave the state of Ihram. Shave your hair (or if
you are a woman clip your hair). You may now shower,
shave, and change into your normal clothes. The
prohibitions imposed by Ihram are now removed, except
that you must not have sexual relations. (Husband and wife
may not enjoy conjugal relations until after Tawaf al-Ifadha
- the Circumambulation of the Kaaba, central to the Hajj
rites.)

You will now proceed to the al Masjid al Haram in Makkah
to perform Tawaf al-Ifadha.

Going to Muzdalifah from Arafat

Tawaf al-Ifadha in the Holy City of Makkah
RITUAL SLAUGHTERING

Performance of the Rituals of Slaughtering

Definition of the Service:

Provision of the necessary facilities to enable
pilgrims to perform the rituals of slaughtering the
cattle designated as gifts in coordination with the
Committee in charge of benefiting from the meat
of the gifts and sacrificed cattle, the Islamic
Development Bank and the Hajj missions.

Sacrificing


If I need to sacrifice an animal, how do I arrange it?

Booths around Makkah and Mina have been set up by
the Islamic Development Bank to facilitate buying
coupons for slaughtering and distributing sacrificial
animals.

During Hajj, the sacrifice can be made in Mina or
Makkah, after the stoning of the largest Jamarat. The
sacrifice can be done by your agent on your behalf.

The types of animals which may be sacrificed are
camels, cows, sheep and goats.

How the service is provided:

- The pilgrim's agents are grouped and scheduled
on pre-designated dates, and within the
framework of the agreement concluded with the
Islamic Development Bank, the Hajj mission or
the representative of tourist companies.

A sheep or goat can be sacrificed on behalf of only one
person; whereas, a cow or camel can be shared by
seven people.

The age of the goat or sheep should be at least one
year, the cow two and the camel at least five.
- The missions of India, Pakistan and Bangladesh
are urged to apply the principle of delegation (of
the performance of cattle slaughtering) or the
scheduling of the grouping of pilgrims heading
for slaughtering houses, and signing protocols
with the Islamic Development Bank.

It is forbidden to sacrifice sick, crippled or wounded
animals.

The sacrifice should be performed on the 10th of
Dhu'l-Hijjah but it is allowed to sacrifice up until the
dusk of the 13th.

The pilgrim should say the following Du'aa when
slaughtering the animal: "In the name of Allah and
Allah is the Greatest. O Allah! This is from You and for
You." The animal should be turned on its left side
facing the Kaaba, but this is not a strict rule and is
recommended practice of the Prophet (peace be upon
him).

The one performing the sacrifice should eat a part of
the meat and a portion should be distributed to the
needy and the poor. The butcher should not be given
any part of the animal in lieu of his wages, as it is
meant for charity.


- Applying the principle of delegation in the
slaughtering and casting of jamarat (stones) as a
precaution to protect elderly pilgrims of all
nationalities and to spare them exposure to
exhaustion.

- Encouraging Turkey's Hajj mission to continue
to apply the method of purchase of coupons for
cattle slaughtering from Al-Rajhi Bank.
HAJJ TODAY


How modern technology has been employed to
facilitate the Hajj
A sophisticated broadcasting network has been
installed to cope with the requirements of the Hajj.
The safety and comfort of the Hajjis has become a
major concern for the authorities, necessitated by
their sheer volume in recent years. The newly laid
floor tiles were made of specially developed heatresistant marble, and to further ensure the
comfort of worshippers the whole structure is
cooled by one of the world's largest airconditioning units. To facilitate the movement of
worshippers to the newly developed roof area of
the Holy Mosque during the busiest seasons,
additional escalators have been incorporated
alongside a number of fixed stairways in the
northern and southern sides of the building.
Moreover, in order to reduce the build-up of traffic
around the Holy Mosque, the development project
has involved the construction of a new tunnel for
vehicles in the vicinity of Alsouk Alsagir. Pedestrian
routes and tunnels have also been carefully
planned and laid out to ensure the safety of the
worshippers.

Guidance on Visa Applications through Hajj
Travel Agents for Pilgrims Coming from Abroad


1- Hajj visas are granted by the Saudi Government
free of charge.

2- The approved travel agent will nevertheless
have some administrative costs in applying for and
obtaining a Hajj visa.
3- Lists of approved travel agents for both Hajj and
Umrah are published on the Ministry's website and
updated each year to help pilgrims avoid being
cheated by unauthorized travel agents.


4- The Ministry would like to emphasize to all
pilgrims the importance of having an official
written contract, signed by both the Hajj organizer
and the pilgrim, that clearly states the relationship
between the two parties including the rights and
duties of each party, the grade of service to be
provided, the grade of accommodation arranged
in Makkah, Madinah and the holy sites and any
other details which the two parties have agreed
upon.
GLOSSARY

http://www.hajinformation.com/main/b30.htm
Isha' (Isha) the night prayer Izarr (Ezaar) the cloth covering the lower part of the body Kaaba the
sacred house lying at the heart of the Holy Sanctuary (al Masjid al Haram). The building is a large
stone structure constituting a single room with a marble floor. The Kaaba is Islam's holiest shrine.
Labbayk means "Here I am, at your service" Madrassa school providing religious and general
education for Muslims Maghrib the evening prayer Mihrab Prayer niche, in front of which the
Imam stands when leading prayers Miqat (Meeqat) one of five places (stations) which pilgrims
must not cross before they are in a state of ihram if they intend to enter al Masjid al Haram for
Umrah or Hajj. Mu'tamir (plural Mu'tamirun) one who is performing the Umrah Nafl a voluntary
act of devotion such as a prayer or fast which is beyond the prescribed duty of a Muslim Niyyah
intention (to perform Umrah or Hajj) or any action in general pbuh (PBUH) peace be upon him
Qasr Shortening the number of Rakaat of noon, afternoon, or isha prayers Qibla the direction in
which Muslims should face in order to perform salat (prayer), namely towards the Ka'bah, in
Makkah Qur'an the Holy Book of Islam, the word of God vouchsafed to his Prophet Muhammad
(peace be upon him) Rakaat (Rakat) one unit of Islamic prayer Rida' (Reda') the cloth covering the
upper part of the body Sajdah the act of prostration, particularly in the performance of Salat Salat
the Muslim practice of performing prayers five times daily in the prescribed manner Sana praise
Sa'y (Sa'yi or Sa'i) the walking seven times between the hills of Safa and Marwah Shawt one circuit
of the circumambulation of the Kaaba, or one complete walk between the hills of Safa and
Marwah during Sa'y Shariah Islamic law Sunnah the way the Prophet Muhammad (pbuh) lived his
life Talbiyah An invocation to be spoken out loud: 'Here I am O Allah, (in response to Your call),
here I am. Here I am, You have no partner, here I am. Verily all praise, grace and sovereignty
belong to You. You have no partner.' Tahlil to proclaim La Ilaha illa'Llah (there is no God but God)
Takbir To proclaim Allahu akbar (God is Great) Taqseer Clipping or trimming the hair on one's head
(see also Halq) Tawaf circumambulation of the Kaaba Thana' to invoke praise upon a person (or
upon God) Wudu ablution Wuquf stopping at a particular place for a given period of time Zawal the
time in the day when the sun is at its zenith Zuhr the noon prayer