Transcript Islam - GonzalesatBerthoud

Islam
Hearth: Mecca (place where Muhammad was born; place where the spring
came from the rock for Hagar and Ishmael)
Founder: Muhammad. Muslims do NOT depict Muhammad – he said not to
draw pictures of him because he was not to be worshipped. The only one to
be worshipped was Allah (God). We will watch a video later about
Muhammad’s life.
Major Branches: Sunni = 83%; Shia = 16%
Universalizing or Ethnic? Universalizing
Regions of Practice: Middle East; Northern Africa; Indonesia
Conversion: One must say and believe, “I bear witness there is no deity but
Allah; I bear witness that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah.” Also, one then
takes a shower to be cleansed of his/her past life.
Holy Sites: Mecca, Medina (burial place of Muhammad); Dome of the Rock in
Jerusalem
Mecca. The structure in the middle covered with velvet, embroidered
cloth is the kaaba (this is the place where Hagar and Ishmael’s spring
came from the rock). In 2012, over 3,161,000 went on the pilgrimage
to Mecca
Medina and the mosque
there
Dome of the Rock in
Jerusalem
Dome of
the Rock
Disposal of Dead: burial. To the
right are rituals associated with
burial practice.
Body Washing
The body is to be washed by a member of
the same sex, except if the deceased is a
child or spouse.
Body Wrapping
For wrapping a male body, three pieces of
clean white cloth are required. Each piece
must cover the entire body. Silk is not to be
used for wrapping a male.
Prayer
After wrapping the body, the deceased is
taken to a place designated for prayer
services. Most often this is done in a public
outdoor area, such as a public square or
courtyard.
Funeral
Unless carrying the body, people are to
walk in front of or beside the stand on
which the casket or body is placed. Talking
is not permitted. People are expected to
maintain silence or pray silently. No
outbursts of emotion or music are allowed
during the funeral.
Religious Landscape:
Lunar calendar
In mosques, one will see geometric
patterns and calligraphy – no depictions
of people
Clothing. Women wear head
scarves. In some stricter Islamic
areas, women wear burkas.
Men also cover their heads, and
the head coverings vary from
place to place.
burka
Diffusion: You can identify Islam because it goes from the Middle east into
northern Africa. Spread through armies, trade, missionaries
Beliefs: The Five Pillars of Islam
• Pray five times per day facing Mecca
• Give money to the poor (at least 2.5% of their yearly income)
Five Pillars continued…
• Ramadan –Fast dawn
to sunset in the holy 9th
month of Ramadan.
Fast to remind
themselves that the
spirit is more important
than the body.
• The Hajj: pilgrimage to
Mecca. Every Muslim,
if physically and
financially able, must
take a pilgrimage to
Mecca
• Profess belief in Allah
(the one true God) and
Muhammad as the true
messenger.
Beliefs continued…
Muslims believe in angels
Muslims believe in prophets (e.g.: Abraham, Moses, Jesus… they believe Jesus
was a prophet, not divine)
Muslims believe in a Judgment Day
Lifestyle Impacts
• Food taboos (foods that are not allowed): pork, blood, alcohol
• All meat must come from herbivorous animals slaughtered by a Muslim, Jew or
Christian
• Clothing (mentioned before)
• Polygamy allowed but limited. The Qur’an says to marry one person, but will
allow a man to marry more IF he is able to care for all of them equally and well.
• Sharia Law (see next slide)
“Sharia law is the law of Islam. The
Sharia law is created from the
actions and words of Muhammad,
and the Quran, which he authored.
As a legal system, the Sharia law
covers a very wide range of topics.
While other legal codes deal
primarily with public behavior,
Sharia law covers public behavior,
private behavior and private beliefs.
Of all legal systems in the world
today, Islam's Sharia law is the
most intrusive and strict, especially
against women.”
Not all countries/areas that practice
Islam have Sharia law. Some
places have a legal system
separate from the Qur’an.
Examples of Sharia law…
According to the Sharia law:
• Theft is punishable by amputation of the right hand (above).
• Criticizing or denying any part of the Qur’an is punishable by death.
• Criticizing or denying Muhammad is a prophet is punishable by death.
• Criticizing or denying Allah is punishable by death.
• A Muslim who becomes a non-Muslim is punishable by death.
• A non-Muslim who leads a Muslim away from Islam is punishable by death.
• A non-Muslim man who marries a Muslim woman is punishable by death.
• A man can unilaterally divorce his wife but a woman needs her husband's
consent to divorce.
• Testimonies of four male witnesses are required to prove rape against a
woman.
• A woman who has been raped cannot testify in court against her rapist(s).
• A woman's testimony in court, allowed only in property cases, carries half
the weight of a man's.
• A female heir inherits half of what a male heir inherits.
• A woman cannot drive a car, as it leads to fitnah (upheaval).
• A woman cannot speak alone to a man who is not her husband or relative.