Transcript Understanding Islam ppt

Honors Sophomore
Unit 1
Islamic Notes & Vocabulary
1.
Allah- Arabic name for God
2.
Hjira (Night of Flight)- means “migration”, is the night when
Muhammad fled Mecca to escape Mecca assassins, and marks
the start of the Muslim lunar calendar year
3.
Mecca- located in the Arabian Peninsula where today is Saudi
Arabia. It is the holiest Muslim city, birthplace of Muhammad,
major trading, cultural, and religious center
Islamic Notes & Vocabulary
4. Mt. Hira (Mountain of Light)- where Muhammad
received the first of many from God through the Angel
Gabriel on a night known as The Night of Glory
5.
Islam- means submission to God
6.
Ka’aba- ancient shrine believed to have been built by the
patriarch Abraham but was later turned into a place for
worshipping idols of the various Arab tribes and taken
back by Muhammad after he recaptured the city of
Mecca. It means, “square shaped building” and is made
of wood and encases a circular black stone.
Islamic Notes & Vocabulary
7.
Yathrib/Medina (City of the Prophet)- second holiest
Muslim city; it was a tribal settlement where Muhammad
and his followers were welcome to settle, where the first
mosque was built, and where the prophet is buried.
8. Qur’an- means “recitation” is the holy book of the
Muslims. In the Qur’an God speaks his own words in his
own voice to humanity, for this reason it is not subject to
error. It is divided into 114 surrahs or chapters and each
one begins with the words: “In the name of God the
compassionate, the merciful”.
Islamic Notes & Vocabulary
9. The Night Journey, The Ascension- is the night when
the Angel Gabriel took Muhammad to Jerusalem, the
third holiest city where The Dome of Rock sits today.
From there he was taken by the angel to the seven
heavens where he met the great prophets including
Adam, Moses, Abraham, John the Baptists, and Jesus,
and from there to the presence of God.
Islamic Notes & Vocabulary
10.
Muhammad- was born in Mecca, 570 C.E. but was orphaned early.
His uncle raised him. He was literate but was known for being a fair
and trustworthy trader. Through his travels he was exposed to a
variety of cultures, languages, religions, and ideas. He also learned
how other tribes operated. Khadijah was his first wife, 15 years his
senior, as well as his first convert to Islam. He challenged the
idolatry of the Arabian tribes and challenged the established social
order of blood feuds and revenge thus earning ridicule, and later,
harassament and persecution for spreading God’s word among the
powerful people of Mecca. By the end of his life, he had been a
merchant, husband, father, statesman, warrior, and God’s
messenger. He brought peace to Arabia in 23 years and gave people
hope with his message. He was not a divine figure, but is the
ultimate model of the perfect man.
Islamic Notes & Vocabulary
5 Pillars of Islam
11.
Islam rests on Five Precepts (Pillars of Islam): person
who calls the faithful to prayer
Profession of Faith (Shahadah): There is no god but God
and Muhammad is his messenger.
b. Prayer (Salat): the Muslims pray prostrate five times a
day. Before prayer, the Muslims prepare by the washing
of face, hands, and feet. They must face Mecca.
c. Giving Alms (Zakat): should not be mistaken for charity
given out of one’s generosity. It is a duty and social
obligation. Giving to the poor is a part of worship since
faith in God is expressed through good deeds.
a.
5 Pillars Cont..
d. Fasting (Sawm): Muslims fast for the whole month
of Ramadam from sunrise to sunset. The fasters do
not eat, drink, smoke, or indulge in sexual activity.
Fasting disciplines the soul and recalls when the first
verses of the Qur’an were revealed.
e. Pilgrimage (Hajj): Once in a lifetime, a Muslim
should go to the Ka’aba in Mecca. This is an
obligation only for those who are physically and
financially able. The pilgrims wear a seamless drape,
which emphasizes human equality before God. It is
the largest annual assembly of people on earth.
Islamic Notes & Vocabulary
12. Prostration- position during prayer where the forehead
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touches the ground
Mosque- Muslim house of worship
Qibla Wall- inside the mosque it shows the direction in
which the worshippers must face in prayer: toward
Mecca
Minaret- a tower which allows the muezzin to call the
faithful to prayer
Muezzin- the caller of the faithful to prayer
Umma- before the rise of Islam, the clan or tribe was the
only group to which the Arabs showed allegiance. Islam
taught that the new allegiance was to the community of
believers, not a bond of blood.
Islamic Notes & Vocabulary
18. Sunna (The Right Way): collection of all the prophet
said, did, or consented to during his lifetime and
which serves as a guide for human behavior.
19. Hijab- head covering used by Muslim women as a
sign of modesty and piety.
20. Plains of Arafat (Moount of Mercy)- is where
Muhammad preached his sermon.
21. Calligraphy- considered one of the highest examples
of Muslim art.
Islamic Notes & Vocabulary
22. Mihrab- a niche in the quibla wall that indicates the exact direction
of Mecca
23. Jihad- means “struggle, effort” It is one of the most abused and
misused Islamic concepts. A tradition of the prophet declares that
“the supreme jihad is against oneself”, that is, against one’s ego,
greed, and insatiable desires. It can be aimed at the social
development of a community, it can be intellectual, directed against
oppressive and totalitarian thought, or it can take the form of
physical struggle against oppression and aggression. Jihad is more
than simply “holy war”. But it cannot be a war of aggression, or for
territorial gain, or to impose a particular political order on a group of
people. It is a defensive war, which places certain responsibilities on
those who are called to engage in it. As a moral exercise, jihad
requires consensus of the whole Muslim community and a clear
identification of the enemy as the aggressor or oppressor of helpless
victims.
Islamic Notes & Vocabulary
24. Sunnis and Shi’ites- Muhammad left no clear
instructions for choosing a successor after his death. This
led to a split within the Muslim community, the Sunnis and
the Shi’ites. They both recognize the primacy of the
Qur’an and the Sunna. However, in deciding matters
outside of those two sources, the Sunnis depend on
community consensus and reject the notion of an
organized clergy. The Shi’ites, on the other hand, rely on
the infallibility of the imams (a Muslim leader of the line of
Ali held by Shi’ites to be the divinely appointed, sinless,
infallible successors of Muhammad) and are highly
organized and structured.
Islamic Notes & Vocabulary
25. Bedouins- nomadic Arab tribes of the
Arabian Desert
26. 1.2 billion- number of Muslims world wide
27. 7 million- number of Muslims in America, and
fastest growing religion in the U.S.
28. The people most attracted by Islam- were the poor,
the oppressed, the disenfranchised, and women, who
in the tribal societies were treated as objects to be
traded and bought.
Islamic Notes & Vocabulary
29. Dearborn, MI- U.S. city with the largest
concentration of Muslims
Arabic words that have enriched
the English language:
Household implements: carafe, jar, mattress, sofa
colors: azure (blue), crimson
Astronomy: almanac, rocket, zenith
Animals: baboon, gazelle, giraffe
Foods: apricots, artichoke, banana, candy, coffee, lemon,
orange, saffron, sugar
f. Medical terms: alcohol, camphor, soda, syrup
g. Military terms: admiral, arsenal, assassin, cable,
magazine
h. Elements: alkali, amber, arsenic, benzene, borax, elixir
i. Mathematics: algebra, algorithm, zero, numerical system
j. Miscellaneous: carat, cipher, hazard
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