Transcript 502 Middle Eastern Clothing customs and religion

Middle Eastern Clothing
Customs and religion
Lesson #502
1. Describe “proper” attire for
Americans (in public)
2. Describe “proper” attire for
Americans (in home)
3. Is it different?
4. Why?
Which is not appropriate for school?
Which is not appropriate for school?
Why?
How do you know?
What if someone came in dressed
like the girls in the bottom row?
Is there a reason why this is
considered inappropriate?
Women cover up for several reasons
Four schools of thought for women
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Cover Completely
Cover head and body
Cover head
Dress modestly
Why do women cover at all?
• Do you think this is abusive?
• Is it unfair?
• Why do women have to cover up,
but men don’t have to?
• Where does this custom come
from?
Clothing in the Middle East
• Based on ancient
customs & religion
• Women are to be
respected and covered
• Both men and women
should wear “loose”
clothing
• Women should NEVER
reveal their femininity
FROM THE KORAN:
(surah 24:30–31)
“…believing women
should lower their gaze
and guard their modesty;
that they should not
display their beauty and
ornaments …except to
their family…”
The covering of women
• Cover up feminism with a scarf called Hijab
• It is NOT Muslim, it’s cultural.
• The reason is for modesty
– No man outside the family should ever
see a woman’s femininity
– If a man does, it’s an insult to the entire
family
• Keeps men from fighting to protect women
• Many women see this as liberation
• Many “westerners” see it as a symbol for
control over women. They see this as a
form of slavery for women
• France even outlawed it…
Your opinion
• Do you think this is a sign of slavery of women?
• What if was a law that women must cover up, and
men don’t, would it be an unjust law?
• Should the law NOT ALLOW for this style of dress?
• Should women be allowed to be covered in places
where it’s considered not appropriate?
• Should we encourage the expression of culture?
• Or, should we, like France, see this as slavery and
outlaw it?
• Should a Muslim woman in the military be allowed to
wear this in place of normal military head covering?
women
• Cover up feminism (called
)
• Keeps men from fighting to protect women
click
Niqab
Chador
Burka
Men
• For comfort (cool in desert heat)
• Men hold hands with man friends (NEVER women)
Gellabiya
Keffiyeh
1. Describe “proper” eating
customs for Americans (during
holidays)
2. Describe “proper” eating
customs for Americans (on a
regular basis)
3. Holidays are “traditional”
Traditional Eating in
Middle East
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With hands
Right hand ONLY (or scoop with pita bread)
Hospitality (always welcoming)
On ground
Do NOT show bottom of shoe
What Foods do you see?
Why is it proper to have only one spouse?
Why does PDA bother some people?
Social Norms in Middle East
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Rare to see public drunkenness
Rare to see PDA
Rare to see or hear of crime
VERY conservative
Marriages seldom end in divorce
Polygamy tolerated (4 wives in Islam)
Turkish Coffee
(very thick and lots of caffeine)
Changes in Iran
Iran – Rick Steves
• Describe Iran, according to this film
Religion in the MIDDLE EAST
The religion is called
ISLAM
The people are called
MUSLIMS
Muhammad
Founder:
Born: Mecca in year 570
Married: in year 590
Died: in year 630
Founder
Abram
Abraham (Father of Many)
Wife
Servant
Sarai
(Sarah)
Hagar
ISAAC
ISHMAEL
Jews
Muslims
Describe what Islam has in
common with other religions
What makes Islam different
than other religions?
(this will be asked again later)
Basics of Islam
Z Muslims are strict monotheists.
They believe in a single God, which
they call Allah.
Z
Z
Muslims believe that the Torah
and the Bible, like the Qur’an,
is the word of God.
Jews & Christians:
Peoples of the Book
The Qur’an
Z Muslims believe it contains the
word of God.
Z
114 suras (chapters).
Z
In the name of Allah,
the compassionate,
the merciful.
Z
Written
in Arabic.
The Origins of the Qur’an
Z Muhammad received his first
revelation from the angel
Gabriel in 610.
Z
622 (Hegirah) Muhammed
fled Mecca for Medina.
* The beginning of the
Muslim calendar (1 A.H.)
Z
Muhammad’s revelations were
compiled into the Qur’an after
his death.
What all Muslims are expected to do…
The Dar al-Islam
The World
of Islam
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2
3
4
5
1. The Shahada
The declaration of faith:
There is no god worthy of worship except
God, and Muhammad is His Messenger
1
In your words:
2. The Salat
Z The mandatory prayers
performed 5 times a day:
* dawn
* noon
* late afternoon
* sunset
* before going to bed
Z
Wash before praying.
Z
Face Mecca,
on your knees using a prayer rug.
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2. The Salat
Z The call to prayer by the
muezzin in the minaret.
Pray in the mosque on
Friday.
Z
2
Describe the aspects of the Salat
3. The Zakat
Z Almsgiving (charitable donations).
Muslims believe that all things
belong to God.
Z
Z
Zakat means both “purification” and
“growth.”
Z
About 2.5% of your income.
3
4. The Sawm
Z Fasting during the holy month of
Ramadan.
Z
Z
Considered a method of selfpurification.
No eating or drinking from
sunrise to sunset during
Ramadan.
4
Should anyone be excluded?
Eid Mubarak
End of the Ramadan holiday.
5. The Hajj
Z The pilgrimage to Mecca.
Z
Must be done at least once in a
Muslim’s lifetime.
Z
2-3 million Muslims make the
pilgrimage
every
year.
Z
Walk around the
kKABBA
5
5. The Hajj
Z Those who complete the
pilgrimage can add the title
hajji to their name.
5
5. The Hajj
Some people even rename themselves
Examples:
Cassius Clay =
Ferdinand Lewis Alcindor =
Other Islamic Religious Practices
Z Up to four wives allowed at once.
Z
No alcohol or pork.
Z
No gambling.
Z
Sharia - Islamic law to
regulate daily living.
Z
Three holiest cities in Islam:
* Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem.
The Mosque
Z The Muslim place of worship.
The Dome of the Rock
Mosque in Jerusalem
Mount Moriah Rock
where Muhammad ascended into
heaven.
The Spread of Islam
Z
Easy to learn and practice.
Z
No priesthood.
Z
Teaches equality.
Z
Non-Muslims, who were “Peoples of
the Book,” were allowed religious
freedom, but paid additional taxes.
Z
Easily “portable” - nomads & trade
routes.
Z
Jihad (“Holy War”) against pagans
and other non-believers (“infidels”).
Muslims in the World Today
Countries with the Largest
Muslim Population
1. Indonesia
183,000,000
6. Iran
62,000,000
2. Pakistan
134,000,000
7. Egypt
59,000,000
3. India
121,000,000
8. Nigeria
53,000,000
4. Bangladesh 114,000,000
9. Algeria
31,000,000
10. Morocco
29,000,000
5. Turkey
66,000,000
* Arabs make up only 20% of the
total Muslim population of the world.
Geography of Islam
Non-Middle eastern states
• Indonesia 215 m
• Pakistan
160 m
• India
134 m
• Bangladesh
123 m
• Turkey
70 m
• Nigeria
65 m
• Afghanistan
31 m
• Sudan
30 m
• Total
828 m
Middle Eastern states
• Egypt
80 m
• Iran
70 m
• Algeria
32 m
• Morocco
32 m
• Iraq
25 m
• Saudi Arabia
22 m
• Syria
16. m
• Jordan
5.0 m
• Total
282 m
* Arabs make up only 20% of the
total Muslim population of the world.
Muslims in America
Muslim Culture in NYC
The Islamic Center, New York City
Jihad
• A requirement for devout Muslims
• Literally means STRUGGLE FOR FAITH
• Can also mean struggle to
convert non-Muslims to Islam
• Translates to HOLY WAR
Islam in America
20/20 Documentary
Five parts – 42 min. total
Click – Is Islam dangerous?
Click – part 1