Transcript Afghanistan and Iraq

War on Terrorism
War in Iraq
Nairobi, Kenya
212 people killed
4,000 wounded
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
11 people killed
85 wounded
USS Cole
17 Sailors Killed
39 Wounded
Al Qaeda
Network of Islamic Extremists
Leader – Osama Bin Laden
Angry at:
 U.S. military occupation of the Middle East
 U.S. aggression against the Iraqi people
 U.S. support of Israel
"Terrorism against America deserves to be praised
because it was a response to injustice, aimed at
forcing America to stop its support for Israel,
which kills our people.”
September 11
19 Terrorists hijacked 4 commercial planes
8:50am – American Airlines Flight 11 crashes into Tower
One of the World Trade Center
9:04am – United Airlines Flight 175 crashes in to Tower
Two of the WTC
9:37am - American Airlines Flight 77 crashes into the
Pentagon
10:03am - United Flight 93 crashes into a field in
Pennsylvania
Flight Interactive - http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/trade.center/map.html
Highjackers Interactive http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/s/sept_11_2001/attacks/index.htm
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http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/trade.center/multimedia.day.html
September 11, 2001
Number of dead: 2,992
World Trade Center: 2,759 (includes 10 hijackers and 157
passengers and crew members)
Pentagon: 125 (includes 5 hijackers and 59 passengers and
crew members)
Flight 93: 44 (includes 4 hijackers)
First responders killed at the World Trade Center:
New York Police Department: 23
Fire Department of New York: 343
Port Authority Police: 37
Emergency Medical Service: 3
What was the response of the U.S. government following this
attack?
President’s Comments http://www.whitehouse.gov/september11/
Coalition Map http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/trade.center/coalition
.maps/
 Homeland Security Act – 2002 – created Department of
Homeland Security
 USA Patriot Act - Uniting and Strengthening America by
Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and
Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001
War on Terrorism
September 11, 2001 – terrorist attacks on United States
blamed on Al Qaeda
Al Qaeda
 terrorist network led by Osama bin Laden
 Mission: wage holy war on enemies of Arabs and/or
Muslims
 hates United States for involvement in Middle East,
Desert Storm (Iraq), support of Israel
 was operating out of Afghanistan at the time of 9/11
www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/binladen/who/interview.html
Osama Bin Laden
Kicked out of Saudi Arabia
Set up Al Qaeda training camps in Sudan
Sudan kicked him out because of pressure from US and
Saudi Arabia
Went to Afghanistan
Jihad
An individual's striving for spiritual self-perfection
or
A Muslim holy war or spiritual struggle against infidels
Has been twisted and used as a reason for waging wars
against many Middle Eastern leaders by terrorists.
Afghanistan
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landlocked country ->
making the export of
goods difficult and
expensive
rugged mountainous
terrain
temperatures are
extreme, as hot as
120° F in the summer
and as cold as -15° F in
the winter.
What do these statistics tell us about
life in Afghanistan?
1 in 4 children die before age of 5
 Average life expectancy is 44 – 25 years less than Americans
 Only 6% of population has access to electricity
 Only 12% of women can read and write
 67% of boys attend school, 14% of girls
 Products are opium, wheat, fruits, nuts, wool, mutton,
sheepskins, lambskins.
 Life expectancy is 44.65 years – US is 78.49
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Afghanistan
1979-1989 Soviet attempted invasion
 1989-1996 Civil War – Islamic fighters turned on one
another
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Note – During the Cold War, the U.S. spent $3 billion training and supplying
Afghans fighting against the Soviet Union. Afterwards, we withdrew all
support and left the country in ruins and chaos.
In 1995 - the Taliban came to
power, promising traditional, Islamic
values came into power, installing
an oppressive set of rules,
including revoking many women’s
rights.
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Taliban Rule
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strict interpretation Islamic law
executions and punishments
television, music, and the Internet banned
men required to wear beards
girls forbidden to go to school
women barred from working outside the home
women were prohibited from leaving their home
without a male relative.
The end of the Taliban?
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By October 7, 2001 - Taliban refused to give up Osama
bin Laden.
U.S. began bombing Taliban military sites
By December 9, 2001 - Taliban was said to be defeated
The Taliban has worked to regain power by promising to
help Afghanistan’s poorest people and aligning itself with
warlords, al-Qaeda, and other militant groups to gain
financial support and recruit new fighters.
http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/04/03/
afghanistan.war.timeline/index.html
Current Situation in Afghanistan
US Casualties
2001=12
2002=48
2003=48
2004=52
2005=99
2006=98
2007=110
2008=155
2009=317
2010=499
2011=418
2012=302
Total = 2166
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Taliban and Al Qaeda have been removed from power, but
still present in small pockets in the country.
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They want the US and International Peacekeepers to leave
Afghanistan.
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Taliban-Al Qaeda alliance carries out suicide bombing and
guerrilla-like attacks on our troops.
http://www.cnn.com/video/#/video/bestoftv/2012/12/14/exp-erin-11-years-of-war-was-itworth-it.cnn
Iraq
Diverse
Ethnic Groups Arabs – 75 percent
Kurds – 20 percent
Religious Groups Shi'ite Muslims - 62 percent
Sunnis Muslims - 35 percent
Christians
world's second-largest oil reserves
Saddam Hussein
Came to power in 1979
Totalitarian
Sunni
Repressive to the Kurds and Shi’ites
Used chemical weapons to subdue Kurdish population
Human rights: Iraq had the world's worst
record for known persons who have
disappeared or remain unaccounted for,
more than 16,000 people.
Current Situation in Iraq
138 Americans died during invasion
4483 have died to date (Nov, 14)
Civil War between Shi’ite and Sunnis
wanting to get control
Insurgent attacks target US led forces and
Iraqi security forces seen as collaborators.
Operation Iraqi Freedom
Invasion in March 2003 – U.S. led (40 other
countries provided operational support)
Saddam did not cooperate with U.N. inspectors
searching for weapons of mass destruction
Saddam was overthrown on April 9, 2003
Iraq army was disbanded – leaving many jobless
U.S. led – provisional government put in place
Success in Iraq????
Dec, 2003 Saddam captured
May, 2004 – Bush makes speech
declaring war a success
“In the battle of Iraq, the United States and our
allies have prevailed.”
Oct. 2005 – Iraqi vote adopt new
constitution
Insurgency
Former members of Saddam’s regime
Al Qaeda
Mission: get rid of U.S. led coalition forces
How: convince the enemy's decision-makers their
cause is ultimately too costly in blood, money
and political capital to pursue
Innocents often die in this kind of fighting, but
that's what the insurgents want.
Map - Violence
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl
/hi/in_depth/baghdad_navigator/
Civil War
Shi’ite and Sunnis wanting to get control
Casualties
http://icasualties.org/oif/
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/b
ushswar/
http://www.pbs.org/newshour/indepth_cove
rage/middle_east/iraq/honorroll/map_flash
.html
Why not pull out????
Send message to future enemies of the
United States: Americans do not have the
will to wage a successful
counterinsurgency.
 Bush administration's plan was to establish
a large and competent-enough Iraqi force
so that even if the insurgency has
historical staying power, Iraqis can fight
successful counterinsurgency.
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Iraqi Poll on War
For each question, answer the following:
1) What information does this question
provide Americans about Iraqi people?
2) How have the numbers changed over
time?
Review
For
Quiz
War in Iraq
Saddam Hussein – was leader of Iraq from
1979-2003
Was not cooperating with UN Nuclear
weapons inspections
US led invasion of Iraq – March 2003
May 1, 2003 – Invasion complete
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Belief System: Christianity Judaism Islamic
Torah
Where do
Friday
people
Muhammadworship?
Saturday What is the
Bible
holy book
Sunday
called?
Moses
What day of
Church
the week do
Synagogue followers
Koran
worship?
Jesus
Diety/Important
God
leader
Mosque
associated
with belief
system.
Religion of Islam
World’s second largest religion
 The Qur’an is the holy guide to Islam.
 Major aspects of the Islamic religion
include testimony of faith, prayer, charity,
fasting, pilgrimage.
 “Covering” is a religious duty. Women can
only have their faces and hands showing
in public. Men must not expose anything
from navel to knee.
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Questions - Islam
List and briefly describe Five Pillars of Islam.
What are some of the rules that Muslims
follow in their daily lives?
List and briefly describe the different
aspects of the roles of women in Islam:
Five Pillars of Islam
Declaration of Faith – no other gods
Prayer – brief prayer 5 times a day
Charity – give to poor and needy
Fasting – Ramadan
Pilgrimage to Mecca – travel to Saudi Arabia
once in lifetime
Daily Life of Muslims
Prohibits things harmful to body (drugs,
alcohol). Also, prohibits lying, stealing,
cheating, etc.
Clergy not above others
Encourage sharing of their faith
Women and Islam
Marriage: some arranged marriages, man takes financial
responsibility
Some polygamy - man must treat wives equally
Family: important, extended family included
Public life: educated, modesty should not affected
Modesty – covering – varies from culture to culture
Relationship between men and women: no sexual
exchanges outside of marriage
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/globalconnections
/mideast/questions/women/#the_veil