The Islamic faith - marilena beltramini
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Transcript The Islamic faith - marilena beltramini
Table of Contents
Allah’ s prophet
After Muhammad’s death
The different confessions of Islam
The Islamic faith
Faith articles
Relationship with other religions
Judaism
Christianity
Il profeta di Allah
Muhammad (Muhàmmad, “priseworthy” 570-632 d.C.),
born in Mecca
Bedouin provenience
At the age of 40 he started to have religious visions and to
proclaim Allah’s faith
Allah (in in Arab:ﷲ, Allāh) is the word throughout which God
defines himself in Koran
He gains popularity in the middle and poor class while finds
opposition in the merchant class
The local population, threatened economically by the
adoption of a monotheistic religion make him leave
He escapes to Yatrib in 622 a.d. : the Islamic calendar begins
Mecca is newfound
His preaching is diffused by Caliphs who contribute to the
expansion of Islam
After Muhammad’s death
Three different types of orientation
Prophet’s fellows: the caliph (khaliffa “succession”) must be
picked between the first followers of the prophet
Legitimists: they refused the preceding principle, they wanted
to pick one of the closest relatives of the prophet
Omayades: esponents of the richer class of the city (Mecca),
they wanted to decide who to pick between their members
The first two caliphs (Abu Bakr e Omar) belong to the first
group, the third, Utman, gets killed by Alì, Muhammad’s cousin
and brother in law
Schism: election of an anti-caliph (Mu’awiya, from Omayades),
655 d.C.
Sciites – literaly “Alì’s party”
Sunnites – Mu’awiya’s party
The different confessions
of Islam
All the Muslim people observe Kuran and the 5 pillars: the shahadah
(creed), (2) daily prayers (salat), (3) almsgiving (zakah), (4) fasting during
Ramadan and (5) the pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj). However several
divisions came out after the dispute in determining the first Caliph
Sunnites
83% of Muslims; the governments funds on
the popular consensus, with the mediation
of the Caliph. Apparently do not support
extremism.
Wahhabiti; the more extreme faction of the
Sunnites
Sciites
10% of Muslims. The Imam rules, a successor
of ‘Alì. They represent the most radical and
intolerant group. They exalt the value of
martyrdom.
The Islamic faith
The Islamic faith is centred on Allah, unique god,
creator and judge, compassionate and selfless
“Social” religion: the observance of the rules is
worthier than the personal experience
Sharia: means route, indicates a law or a ritual rule
and corresponds to god’s will
Sources:
Kuran: reunites all the revelations god
Muhammad; it is divided in 114 sure
Sunna : oral transmission of prophet’s deeds
gave
Faith articles
Believe in Allah, only creator and judge, guide and
support, preserver and destroyer, selfless and benevolent
Believe in the existence of the angels, supernatural
creatures, made of light
Believe in the books: the Kuran is the integral text of the
truth of Islam
Believe in the prophetic mission of Muhammad’s and his
predecessor
Believe in the life after death and in predestination
Islam and Judaism
Islam pretends to be the last revelation,
and therefore, the final monotheistic
religions
Islam incorporates Jewish history in its
own
Moses is considered a prophet
There are Judaic references in Kuran
Both consider Abraham a prophet
Both considered their texts as revelations
They have in common principles of charity
and fasting
Food laws (some foods are prohibited)
Idolatry is strictly forbidden
The concept of original sin is not taken
into consideration
Islam and Christianity
They both are monotheistic religions
According to Muslims Jesus is a prophet
but not a god
Abraham is considered a prophet
God is creator of man whose goal is to
reach a final state of love
Different interpretation of life after death
The Kuran is the writing of god’s will
directly while the New testament is
“filtered”
In the Islamic religion there’s a closer bond
between social law and religion