Transcript trcka-gunpowder-empires

Muslim Empires
“Gunpowder Empires”
Today is January 21, 2016
• Chapter 15 quiz will be next class.
• AP EXAM is 111 days away…
– REGISTRATION!!! $97.
• Pick up the map handout.
Ottoman*Safavid*Mughal
8th Period – Tuesday - January 21, 2016
• 2:40-3:05…Research and become the expert
for your empire.
• 3:05-3:30…Group in threes (O/S/M) and teach
the others in your group about your empire.
• 3:30 – 4:10…T B D
• Homework: Reach chapter 15 and complete
key points.
UNIT IV: 1450-1750
• GLOBAL INTERACTIONS (aka The
“Early Modern” Period)
– Globalizing Networks of Communication and Exchange
– New Forms of Social Organization and Modes of Production
– State Consolidation and Imperial Expansion
• How do Early-Modern Empires
manage ethnic and religious
diversity?
…last time
European Protestant
parliamentary colonial empires
European Catholic
absolutist colonial empires
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Spain
Portugal
Castas System
Encomienda
Treaty of Tordesillas
Pandemics among natives
Portuguese and Spanish diffuse
into colonies
Tried to recreate conditions from
parent country
Syncretic religion develops
Colonies were Global
How did these colonists manage
ethic and religious differences?
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England
The Netherlands
Established Settler Colonies
Settlers sought to escape
conditions in Europe
• Pandemics among natives
• Colonies are Global
• How did these colonists
manage ethic and religious
differences?
Early Modern Muslim
Empires.
The GUNPOWDER EMPIRES
The
MUGHAL
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The SAFAVID
The OTTOMAN
The Islamic “Gunpowder” Empires
• The Ottoman, Safavid, Mughal rulers and Islam
– All three Islamic empires were military creations
– Gunpowder weapons were critical to rise of each empire
– Devotion to Islam led rulers to extend faith to new lands
• Origins
– All 3 were Turkish in origin
– Autocratic: Emperors imposed their will on the state
– Ongoing problems with royal succession - Ottoman
fratricide
• Women (Christian slaves chosen for harem duty)
– Privately had great influence on politics
– All lived together in the sultan’s harem
– Eunuchs & women often influenced policies, political
selections
– Children raised in harem; often not allowed out until
teenagers
COMMERCE
EXPORTS: Agriculture: the basis of all three empires
– Major crops: wheat and rice
– traditional arts, crafts; little manufacturing
– Safavids offered silk, carpets, & ceramics to Europeans
– Mughal empires less attentive trading and allow English,
French, and Dutch establish a commercial power base
IMPORTS: Coffee & tobacco very popular
– Coffee houses become a major social tradition
– Long-distance trade important to all three empires
Problems Similar to the European Empires
• Problems of EXPANSION
• Issues with TRADE
• Coping with ethnic and
Religious Diversity in Conquered
Regions
 The Ottoman Empire
conquered territories that were
 European (1453 Constantinople, 1500’s Vienna)
 African
 Islamic
 Catholic
 Orthodox Christian
 Jewish
• How Did the Ottoman Empire
cope with all of these different
groups??
• The Turkish Millet System
• Each Millet
– Characterized by resettlement of populations
based on RELIGION and ETHNICITY Devshirme
• In the Millet system
– Each community was responsible for
• The allocation and collection of its taxes
• Its educational arrangements
• Internal legal matters pertaining to marriage,
divorce, inheritance
Safavid Empire
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Geographically sandwiched between the Ottoman & Mughal
Founded by SUFI Muslims but become Shi’ite
Leader: “Shah” and ancient Persian title.
Frequently in conflict with SUNNI neighbors
– Battle of Chaldiran; 1514
• The Safavid will conquer:
– Muslims
– Jews
– Zoroastrians
• MARGINALIZE ethnic and Religious minorities
The MUGHAL EMPIRE
• Descended from MONGOLS
• MINORITY Shia’
• Majority…?
• Also many…?
• Tolerance of religious and ethnic majority
– Akhbar, and later, Aurangzeb, and the difference?
– “Din I Ilahi”
Mughal India
1523-mid 1700s
• Architecture
– Blended Persian, Hindu ornamentation and
Islamic domes, arches and minarets
GENERALLY SPEAKING
• How do the Gunpowder Empires
Cope with religious and ethnic
diversity within their borders?
HW: Ch 15 + KP