Transcript Lesson 2 The Spread of Islam

7.4 Describe the expansion of Muslim rule through conquests and the spread of cultural
diffusion of Islam and the Arabic language. (C, E, G, H)
FACTS
 After Muhammad’s death caliphs or successors where
chosen to lead.
 The first four caliphs were close friends or relatives of
Muhammad.
 Expansion under the new caliphs was known as the
Umayyad – Muslim rule extended farther into Asia and
Africa.
 Arab soldiers believed it was their duty to spread Islam.
 Islam spread by armies, preachers, and merchants.
 After conquered they usually let communities practice
their own religion, but after a while most became
Muslims and learned the Arab language.
Islam territory at Muhammad’s Death AD 632
Expansion under Abu Bakr AD 632-34
Expansion under Umar A.D. 634-644
Expansion under Uthman and Ali A.D. 644-661
Expansion by AD 750
7.7 Analyze the origins and impact of different sects within
Islam, Sunnis and Shi’ites.
Differences between the
Sunni and the Shia (Shi'ites)
 Shia believed that Ali, Muhammad's son-inlaw was the rightful heir and future caliphs
needed to be descendants (relatives) of
Muhammad.
 Sunni believe that caliphs do not have to be
descendants of Muhammad.
 Today most Muslims are Sunni.
 Today most of the population of Iran and Iraq
are Shia or Shi’ite.
7.7 Analyze the origins and impact of different sects within
Islam, Sunnis and Shi’ites.
Similarities between Sunni
and Shia (Shi’ite)
1. Both believe in one God.
2. Both believe that the Quran is
Islam’s holy book.
3. Both believe in the 5 Pillars of
Faith
7.7 Analyze the origins and impact of different sects within Islam,
Sunnis and Shi’ites.
7.9 Describe the establishment of trade routes among Asia,
Africa, and Europe and the role of merchants in Arab society.
• Islam gradually spread through areas the Muslims
conquered.
• At the same time trade helped spread Islam into
other areas as well.
• Arabia’s crossroads location gave Muslim merchants
easy access to South Asia, Europe, and Africa.
Merchants
 Along with their goods, Arab
merchants took their Islamic
beliefs to new lands.
 Trade also brought new products
to Muslim lands.
7.11 Explain the importance of Mehmed II the
Conqueror and Suleiman the Magnificent. (H, P)
Mehmed II the Conqueror
 Ottoman Leader
 1453 seized the Byzantine capital of
Constantinople
 Renamed Constantinople, Istanbul.
 Conquered lands in southeastern
Europe, Southwest Asia and North
Africa.
 Controlled much of the
Mediterranean Region until the late
1500s.
 Spread Islam
7.11 Explain the importance of Mehmed II the
Conqueror and Suleiman the Magnificent. (H, P)
Suleiman I
 Suleiman the Magnificent, ruled for 46 years.
 Became sultan of the Ottoman Empire in
1520 at the age of 26.
 His reign is known as the Golden Age of the
Ottoman Empire.
 “The Lawgiver” because he organized
Ottoman laws.
 Built many schools and mosques throughout
the empire.
 Responsible for the empire’s greatest
achievements in law, art, architecture and
literature.
The Safavids
 Ismail, king of Persia
 Founded the Safavid dynasty which ruled until 1700s
 Persian spread as a language of culture and trade.
7.12 Write an explanatory text to describe the Shah Abbas and how his
policies of cultural blending led to the Golden Age and the rise of the
Safavids Empire. (C, H, P)
Shah Abbas – The Safavid
Dynasty
 1587 became leader of Persia.
 Defeated the Ottoman Turks and
forced them to give back the
territory that they siezed.
 Generally tolerant of Christianity
 Created diplomatic ties to
European countries
 Helped protect and grow Persia’s
economy and military.
 Abbas' reign, with its military successes and efficient
administrative system, raised Iran to the status of a great
power.
 Industry and trade with the West grew under Abbas. He
established a royal monopoly over the silk trade
 Shah Abbas welcomed foreigners at his court and
enjoyed religious discussion.
 He allowed Christians in his realm to own land and to
wear whatever clothes they wanted and to ride
horseback.
 He also built hospitals and put in place other welfare
provisions for his subjects
 He secured the borders of his Shia kingdom, and building
on Ismail I's achievements, he ensured the survival of Shia
Islam as the overwhelming majority faith tradition of Iran
Your turn!
Describe the Shah Abbas and how his policies of
cultural blending led to the Golden Age and the rise of
the Safavids Empire.