Transcript document
Middle East Politics ISLAM, DEMOCRACY & RIGHTS ISLAM, DEMOCRACY & RIGHTS POLITICAL ISLAM II. ISLAM & DEMOCRACY III. ISLAM & HUMAN RIGHTS I. Terms to know sharia New Mardin Declaration Salafism hadith Hizb’ut Tahir Ibn Taymiyya I. POLITICAL ISLAM Political Islamist: one who believes that Islam as a body of faith has something important to say about how politics and society should be ordered, and who seeks to implement this idea in some fashion. Ia. THE RISE OF POLITICAL ISLAM UMMA & CALIPHATE REACTION: CRUSADERS & MONGOLS INTERNAL DECAY Ibn Taymiyya Al-Wahhab, MB, The Taliban WESTERN IMPERIALISM & HEGEMONY EUROPE: SOVIET INVASION: Mujahideen & the Arab Afghans THE “ZIONIST-CRUSADER ALLIANCE”: Al Qaeda Ib. VARIETIES OF POLITICAL ISLAM Goals & Means Radical Means Radical Goals Transnational national Al Qaeda Islamonationalists: Moderate Goals ?? Taliban, GIA Moderate Means Islamonationalists: Hizb ut Tahrir Hizb’allah, FIS Reformists: Pak Governor Salman Taseer (Pakistan People’s Party), Jordan’s Islamic Action Front, AKP SOURCES OF ISLAMIC LAW Al-QUR’AN (THE KORAN) Hadith Sharia Hanafi Maliki Shafi’I Hanbali Jafari Zaidi Ibadi http://www.memri.org/report/en/0/0/0/0/0/0/4670.htm Salafism (‘pious ancestors’) The New Mardin Declaration Only sources are Ibn Taymiyya not grounds Quran & hadith for: Muhammad’s original Charging heresy v. Muslims community is ideal Rebelling against rulers Ibn Taymiyya (1268-1328) Killing Muslims or non-Muslims man made laws= Division of Abode of Islam jahiliyya (pagan ignorance) & Abode of War not valid: Dar al-Islam & Dar al-Harb accusations of heresy or apostasy v.fellow Muslims Jihad: obligation to fight infidels & allied apostates/heretics international treaties guarantee peace & religious, ethnic, national rights Armed conflict is exclusive right of heads of state Only qualified religious scholars can issue fatwas II. Islam & Democracy Abu Musab AlZarqawi: “for Muslims support for democracy is the very essence of heresy" http://www.worldvaluessurvey.org/Upload/5_TessIslamDem_2.pdf http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Global-Issues/2008/0517/p12s05-wogi.html http://people-press.org/commentary/?analysisid=107 http://www.newint.org/features/2009/10/01/islam-facts/ III. Islam and Human Rights http://www.muslimsinengland.com/archives/37-Hijab-Part-3-Islam-womens-rights.html http://freedomhouse.org/uploads/special_report/section/269.pdf http://meria.idc.ac.il/journal/2007/issue2/jv11no2a2.html#_edn1 IIIb. Women’s Rights http://www.freedomhouse.org/template.cfm?page=384&key=8&parent=1&report=56 Attitudes about Gender http://www.gallup.com/consulting/worldpoll/26410/Gallup-Center-Muslim-Studies.aspx PAKISTAN Since 2007, over 170 schools have been blown up by local Taliban militia AFGHANISTAN Shamsia Husseini: 17-year-old, 1 of over 15 girls who have had acid thrown on them for going to school Political Power http://www.swivel.com/graphs/image/14072829 http://www.unifem.org/progress/2008/im/mdgs/MDG_figure_3.3.gif What Women Wear “believing women should lower their gaze and guard their modesty…they should not display their beauty and ornaments except what (must ordinarily) appear thereof; that they should draw their veils over their bosoms ... ” — Qur'an [24:31] “Tell thy wives and thy daughters and the women of the believers to draw their cloaks close round them. That will be better, so that they may be recognized and not harassed.” — Qur'an [33:59] http://www.arabiccelebrities.com/Gallery_S_pages/Suzanne_Tamim.htm http://www.sfusd.k12.ca.us/schwww/sch618/Clothing/Islam_Clothing,_Jewelry_Ma.html Marriage Rules and Rites Polygamy Egypt Marriage Age: 18 for males; 16 for females Iran Civil Code provides marriage contracted before puberty is invalid unless authorized by natural guardian with ward’s best interests in mind (minimum age is 9). Saudi Arabia January 2009: Saudi senior cleric says it's OK for girls as young as 10 to marry Government-run Human Rights Commission condemned marriages of minor girls http://www.law.emory.edu/ifl/legal/egypt.htm http://www.law.emory.edu/ifl/legal/iran.htm http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=6643257 ISLAMIC FEMINISM Youth Olympic Games The Federation Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) ruled that the Iranian girls may not play while wearing the hijab. http://www.newsweek.com/id/107941 Young women who wear a headscarf (@60%), cannot attend Turkish universities wearing this covering. Syria bans full veil (niqab) in 2010 (<1% wear) http://209.157.64.200/focus/f-news/2555452/posts