Transcript The Rise of Islam

The Rise of Islam
The Life and Teachings of
Muhammad
Deserts, Towns, and Travelers
Arabian Peninsula
Land almost completely covered by desert
_________________________
Herded animals, leading them to fertile
grounds called an oasis
Nomads called _______________
______ became important as the Bedouins
began living in towns and cities
By the early 600s, trade became an important
activity in the Arabian peninsula
____________________________________
Deserts, Towns, & Travelers
 Trade routes through Arabia ran from the extreme south of
the peninsula to the __________ and _________ empires
to the north
 Brought not only goods, but ______ from the world outside of Arabia
 By early 600s, cities such as Petra and Palmyra had long been
prosperous trading centers
_________
 ______, in western Arabia, became an important stop on the trade
route
 During certain holy months, religious pilgrims would arrive with the
trade caravans to worship at an ancient shrine in the city
___________________called ________
 Arabs associated _________________, believer in one God
 Over the years, they introduced many gods and spirits
 At one time over 360 idols brought by many tribes
Deserts, Towns, & Travelers
The concept of the ____________, called
______ in Arabic, was not new to the
Arabian Peninsula
This tradition had long been followed by one
group of people known as hanifs
Many Christians and Jews lived in Arab
lands and practiced monotheism
(________________________)
It was into this environment of Mecca,
around A.D. 750, ___________ was born
The Prophet ____________
_______________
Born into the clan of a powerful Meccan family
Orphaned at the age of 6, raised by grandfather and uncle
Received little schooling
Worked with trade caravan as a very young man
Became trader and business manager for ________, a
wealthy businesswoman
________________________married when he was 25
 Good marriage and business partnership
____________ of Muhammad
Muhammad took great interest in ________
Spent much time alone in __________________
The Prophet Muhammad
 At the age of 40, Muhammad’s life changed overnight when
he heard a voice while meditating in a cave outside of _____
 According to Muslim belief, the voice is that of __________________
 Gabriel told Muhammad he was a messenger of God
 Muhammad asked Gabriel, “What shall I proclaim?”
 Muhammad came to believe that
______________________________________________
 Muhammad believes he is the last of the prophets
 Believes ________________________________
 All other gods must be abandoned
People who agreed with this basic principle of Islam were
called _____, or “_________________________”
In Arabic, Islam means “_____________________________”
Muhammad’s first followers were his wife, Khadijah, and
several close friends and relatives
The Prophet Muhammad
 613, Muhammad begins preaching publicly in Mecca
 Meccans believed Mecca would lose its position as a _____________
if people accepted Muhammad’s __________________ beliefs
 Some followers beaten or stoned in the streets
The ____________
Facing hostility, Muhammad leaves Mecca in 622 and
resettles in the town of _________, over 200 miles north
of Mecca
This migration became known as the _________
His migration attracted many devoted followers
Yathrib later named ______, “__________________”
In Medina, Muhammad displays leadership skills
Agreement made between his people and the Jews and Arabs of
Medina; creates a single community with
________________________
Muhamamd draws many more converts; ________________
Also acts as _________ leader in hostility between Medina/Mecca
Returning to Mecca
Muslims and Meccans battled against each other
Many Bedouin tribes converted to _______
Mecca’s power as a city declined
630, Muhammad and 10,000 followers march to outskirts
of Mecca
Facing defeat, Mecca’s leaders surrender the city and the Prophet
enters in triumph
Muhammad returns to _________ and declares,
Muhammad destroys the idols in the Ka’aba and makes
_______________ from the Ka’aba roof
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z0_vnon5owE&feature=rel
ated
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aLFYMkQPakE&feature=re
lated
Most Meccans pledge loyalty to Muhammad & many convert to
Islam, thus joining the ________________________________
Muhammad dies two years later at age of 62
Had taken great strides in ______________________________
Beliefs and Practices of Islam
 There is only one God, ________
 The ______________
 To be a Muslim, all believers have to carry out
five duties…these are known as the
________________________
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
______: To become a Muslim “There is no God but Allah, and
Muhammad is the Messenger of Allah.”
______: 5 times a day facing toward Mecca; the call to prayer
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DoNPSEWn6aY&feature=related
______: all Muslims must support the less fortunate by giving alms, or
money for the poor by paying a special religious tax
______: During the Islamic holy month of __________, Muslims fast
by restraining from food or drink from dawn until sunset. A simple
meal is eaten at the end of the day.
______: All Muslims perform the _____ at least once in a lifetime
 Wear identical garments so that all stand equal before God
Beliefs & Practices cont…
A Way of Life
Muslims do not separate their __________________lives
Certain customs, morals, and laws for Islamic society
 Forbidden to eat ____ or to drink _____________ beverages
 Friday afternoons set aside for communal worship and prayer; if able,
Muslims gather at a Mosque to worship
 Every Muslim expected to worship God directly
 Religious class called the ulama where religious teachers study the
words and deeds of Muhammad
Sources of Authority
________
Will of Allah revealed to _________ through _______ in
the form of the ________
Followers of Muhammad listened to prayers and teachings,
memorized and recited the Revelations
After his death, _________ recorded in the ________
The _________
Written in ______ (_____________________________)
Only _______ is used in worship
Wherever Muslims carried the Qur’an, Arabic became the
________________________________
Thus, Arabic language spreads widely as Muslim control expands
Muhammad’s mission was to receive the Qur’an and
to demonstrate how to live it
_______, ____________________, best model for living
_____ and ______ assembled to create body of law
known as ________
System of law that regulates
_______________________________________________
Does not separate ________ matters from criminal/civil
_______ applies to all following teachings of the Prophet,
thus creates sense of unity for all Muslims
MUHAMMAD SAYS:
GOOD GRIEF YODER! STOP
LECTURING
AND GIVE THESE GUYS SOMETHING
TO DO!!
THE “A FOR ALLAH” PROJECT WOULD BE A GREAT
IDEA! SHOW THEM THIS VIDEO CLIP FIRST AND
THEN HAND OUT THE ASSIGNMENT! CAN YOU
HANDLE THAT YODER?
The Spread of ______
 Abu-Bakr elected as first _______ (__________________)
 Loyal friend of Muhammad, respected for devotion to Islam
 “Rightly Guided” Caliphs
 Abu-Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali
 Referred to as “rightly guided” because they
___________________________________________________
 Their rule was called a _____________
 Abu-Bakr
 Used military force to reassert the authority of Muhammad’s successors
in the Muslim community
 Troops gained experience and became an effective mobile army
 By the time of his death, the Muslim state controlled all of Arabia
 Umar
 Highly disciplined armies conquered Syria and lower Egypt (Byzantine)
 Also took parts of the Persian Empire
The Spread of Islam
 Uthman & Ali
 Continued to expand Muslim territory both eastward and westward
 Gained support of conquered militaries and naval forces and used these
forces to further conquests
 By 750, the Muslim Empire stretched 6,000 miles (from the Atlantic
Ocean to the Indus River) 2x the distance across the U.S. (pg 263)
 Reasons for Success
 Well ____________________________________________
 Tactics enabled them to overwhelm forces unaccustomed to their style of
_________
 Weakness in the two empires of North Arabia
 Long conflicts between ___________ and _______________exhausted the
armies and allowed the Muslim army to invade their lands
 Persecuted people of the Byzantines and Persians often welcomed the
invading Muslims seeing them as ____________________
Treatment of Conquered People
Many people converted to Islam for two reasons
_____________________________
_____________________________
Muslims allowed conquered peoples to retain their own
___________
Christians and Jews received special consideration
Paid a ______________________________________
Christians/Jews not allowed to ______ their religion, but still
played important roles as __________________________
Internal Conflict Creates a Crisis
 The ruling Caliph, Uthman, was murdered in 656 sparking a
civil war
 Different Muslim groups began to struggle for control of the empire
 Ali, a cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad is chosen as caliph
 In 551, Ali is assassinated and with his death, the _____________of
choosing a caliph also dies
 The Umayyads Come to Power
 Set up ____________________________
 Moved the Muslim capital to Damascus; made controlling conquered
territories easier
 Abandoned simple life of previous caliphs and surrounded themselves
with wealth
 This creates a split in the Muslim community
 _______________________
 Most Muslims accepted Ummayyad rule; some did not
 _______- “party” of Ali; felt caliphs needed to be relatives of Muhammad
 ______ - those who did not openly resist Umayyad rule; meaning
followers of Muhammad’s example
 _____ - reacted to Umayyad’s life of luxury by emphasizing a more
spiritual way of life; helped keep Muslims focused on the Qur’an and
tradition; later became missionaries in newly conquered lands
 The Abbasids Take Control
 In 750, rebel groups overthrow the Umayyads following vigorous
religious and political opposition; the most powerful of these groups are
the Abbasids; Abbasids murder the remaining Umayyads
The Abbasids (750 - 1258)
 Controlled the lands of modern Iraq, Iran, and central Asia
 Built the city of Baghdad (southern Iraq) as their capital
 Used their location to control the rich trade between China and Europe
al-Andalus
 One Umayyad prince escaped the murders and went to Spain; Muslims
known as Berbers already living there
 The prince creates a Muslim state called al-Andalus
 Umayyads of al-Andalus (756 - 976) control parts of Spain and North
Africa
 Sent diplomats to Charlemagne’s court in Europe
Fatimid Dynasty (909 - 1171)
 One of many independent Muslim states that appeared during the rule of
the Abbasids
 Named after Muhammad’s daughter, the Fatima Dynasty began in North
Africa and spread across the Red Sea to western Arabia and Syria
 Although the Muslims were divided politically, all of the different
communities were linked by
________________________________________________