Transcript File - Gainesville Middle School 7th Grade Social Studies

Middle East
SS7G5
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Rivers support life in the dry/desert
climate (arid)
Tigris and Euphrates support life
from Turkey to Kuwait (Syria and
Iraq)
Tigris and Euphrates: drinking water
and farming (irrigation)
Persian Gulf is oil rich
SS7G5
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Persian Gulf is a trade route through
the Strait of Hormuz
Suez Canal connects the
Mediterranean and Red Sea (trade
route)
Jordan River provides water for
Israel, Jordan, and Syria (Sea of
Galilee to the Dead Sea)
SS7G5
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Jordan River is a political boundary
Afghanistan is landlocked
Iraq with the Tigris and Euphrates
Iran with access to Persian Gulf
Saudi Arabia on the Arabian
peninsula (largest country)
Turkey has built many dams on the
Tigris and Euphrates
SS7G5
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Israel contains the Gaza Strip
(south) and the West Bank (east)
SS7G6
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Countries in the Middle East must
rely on irrigation systems for water
supply (Saudi Arabia, Iran)
Industry, chemical fertilizers (buildup of salt content) and Oil production
have led to some water pollution
Dams (hydroelectricity) caused a
lack of water in some areas
SS7G7
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Natural Gas and Oil/Petroleum are
the major natural resources
Europeans and Americans first
controlled oil production in the M.E.
1960’s OPEC was formed
Wealthy countries still have problems
with economic success for their
citizens
SS7G7
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Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, and Kuwait
have all seen increase wealth and
standard of living due to oil
production (also caused conflict)
Major cities are found on the 3 main
rivers (centers of industry and trade)
Desert: Saudi Arabia called Rub alKhali
SS7G7
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Bedouins are the nomadic herders of
the desert in the M.E.
Water resources will often dry up and
never exist again (no resource
replenishment)
SS7G8
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Ethnic group(s) are people that share
a similar belief systems for
generations
Religious group(s) are people with a
belief system in a god or many gods
Persia is the land known currently as
Iran
Persians speak Farsi and Arabic
SS7G8
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The primary religion of Persians is
Islam
Sunni (85%) and Shia (15%) Muslim
are the major sub-groups of the
religion Islam
The Kurds are found primarily in the
mountains of Syria, Turkey, Iran, and
Iraq
SS7G8
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Kurds speak Kurdish
The majority of Kurds are practicing
Sunni Muslims
Sunni and Shia Muslims are
separated due to the leadership
chosen for Islam after Muhammad
died
4 Rightly Guided Caliphs led Islam
right after Muhammad died
SS7G8
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Sunni Muslims believe leadership
should be chosen based on the most
qualified elder in the Islamic
community
Shia- “Ali” (Muhammad’s grandson)
Muslims believed a direct descendent
should be chosen to lead the
community
SS7G8
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Conflict between Sunni and Shia has
been going on since the division
Sunni Muslims are in the majority
around the Middle East
Iran, Iraq, and Lebanon have a high
percentage of Shia
Arabs are the largest ethnic group in
the Middle East (primarily follow
Islam)
SS7G8
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Judaism, Islam, and Christianity are
all monotheistic religions (belief in
one god)
Israel is primarily a Jewish state
(country)
There are Orthodox and Secular Jews
in the world
Judaism traces back to times of
Abraham (born in Mesopotamia 2000
bc)
SS7G8
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He professed in the belief of one god
The Torah (religious text) is the first
5 books in the Hebrew scriptures
that promised Abraham and the
Hebrew people freedom if they
worship only 1 god
Canaan was the promise land (Holy
Land) (present day Israel)
SS7G8
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Jews began the religion and
worshipped Yahweh
Abraham and Sarah had Isaac which
had Jacob were the patriarch of the
Jewish people (Jacobs 12 sons
became the 12 tribes of Israel)
The Bible says the Jews were then
forced into Egyptian slavery around
1300-1200 bc
SS7G8
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A new leader (Moses) was to lead
the Jews from slavery to the Holy
Land (Exodus)
God renewed his covenant with the
people through the 10
Commandments
They remained in the area around
the Jordan River (Israel/Canaan)
SS7G8
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Kings David, Saul, and Solomon
became powerful kings of the Jewish
nation
Power struggles began and split the
nation into Judah (south) and Israel
(north)
Babylonians ruled for several years
but ended around 167 bc
SS7G8
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Around 70 ad Roman rule ended
Jewish led Israel when the temple in
Jerusalem was destroyed (all that is
left is the Western Wall
Jews fled all over the world
(Diaspora)
SS7G8
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Islam (monotheistic) began in Mecca
around 600 ad
Mecca was the center of trade and
Islamic teachings
Ka’aba is located and Mecca and
believed to have been built by
Abraham and his son Ishmael to
honor God (center of Islam)
SS7G8
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Muhammad was born in 570 ad and
at the age 40 received a message
from the angel Gabriel
Gabriel told Muhammad to teach of
God and tell people to rededicate
themselves to the service of Allah
(God)
They would become Muslims
SS7G8
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Muhammad then moved to Medina
(Yathrib) (622 ad)
This date became known as the
Hijrah and the beginning of the
Islamic calendar
Muhammad became a political and
religious leader
Quran was created to house the
teachings of Islam
SS7G8
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The Five Pillars of Islam guide
Muslims through their life (guidebook
through life)
Some countries base government
and law based on the Quran (shariah
law)
Muslims call Christians and Jews
“People of the Book”
SS7G8
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The 4 Rightly Guided Caliphs
proceeded to spread Islam
throughout the Persian and
Byzantine Empire with many
conversions
SS7G8
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Christianity was movement grown
out of Judaism
Jesus was a man born of a Jewish
family in 4 bc.
He followed Jewish law
Jesus taught of a more personal
relationship with God and to love all
fellow humans as God loves man
SS7G8
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Jesus had disciples that followed his
teachings and would later be
teachers of Christianity
The Gospels (1st four books of the
New Testament) teach about the life
of Jesus and his mission on Earth
Followers believed Jesus to be the
savior of Man “Messiah”
SS7G8
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Jesus was executed (crucifixion) by
the Romans because of the fear of
power and leadership
He was believed to have risen and
spiritually ascend into heaven for
eternity with God
Romans opposed the teachings of
Jesus by his disciples
SS7G8
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Constantine (313 ad) convinced
Roman rule to accept both Old
Testament and New Testament
teachings and accept Christianity
throughout the empire
SS7H2
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Most of the Middle East was once the
Ottoman Empire (1300s-WWI)
This empire was primarily of Islamic
leadership
Power was gained due to controlling
access of the major trade routes in
the M.E.
Ottoman Empire joined forces with
Germany and Italy during WWI
SS7H2
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Ottoman Empire would lose power
after WWI and new European powers
would break-up the territory into the
countries known today (San Remo
Agreement)
The new countries were not formed
in consideration with the various
ethnic groups that are in the M.E.
(conflict would begin)
SS7H2
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Palestine was created after the
Ottoman Empire (primarily Muslim
territory/Palestinian Arabs)
(Jerusalem major city)
Jews and Christians have moved into
Palestine because they believe it is
their Holy Land
SS7H2
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WWII and Holocaust would cause
Jews to migrate back to the Holy
Land to seek refuge
(Zionists/Zionism)
Hatred for Jews (anti-Semitism)
would force Jews to the Holy Land
(over 6 million Jews died)
United Nations would help to create
Israel
SS7H2
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1948 Israel was created for the Jews
in the areas of the known Palestine
Palestinian Arabs denied the new
creation of Israel
The Arab/Israeli Conflict would begin
in 1948
SS7H2
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Israel and Palestinians fought over
the land starting in 1948
Neighboring Arab countries fought
and still support on the side of
Palestine
Palestinians as refugees (camps
for citizens with no home due to
war)
SS7H2
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USA supports Israel in the war
Arab Palestinians inhabit (live) mainly in
the Gaza Strip and West Bank
Israelis inhabit (live) in the surrounding
areas
Notice Resource Map
The Arab-Israeli conflict plays a major role
in finding people in all the Middle Eastern
Conflicts
SS7H2
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USA had political and economic
interest in the Middle East (oil, trade
routes, etc.)
USA and United Nations led to break
up Ottoman Empire
1920 Kuwait became a country
Saddam Hussein (Iraq) believed
Kuwait was using and taking oil
reserves
SS7H2
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August 1990 Iraq began to invade
Kuwait
Iraq more access to the Persian Gulf
and oil supplies
USA was concerned b/c much of our
oil comes from Kuwait and Saudi
Arabia
Kuwait is part of the United Nations
SS7H2
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USA and UN sent troops to push Iraqi
forces out of Kuwait (Persian Gulf
War and Operation Desert Storm)
February 1991 a truce to withdraw
was the resolution (3 month conflict)
9/11/2001 the World Trade Center
attack sparked the USA to send
troops to Afghanistan
SS7H2
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CIA and US troops were searching
for Osama Bin Laden and Al-Qaeda
(terrorist group responsible for 9/11)
USA believed that the Taliban
government (Afghanistan) was
harboring the suspects
USA wants to help Afghanistan
government to rebuild
SS7H2
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USA invaded Iraq in 2003 due to
accusations Saddam Hussein was
making and using nuclear weapons
and aiding members of Al-Qaeda
Operation Iraqi Freedom would help
to wipe out the old government and
help to re-build their government
SS7H2
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Iraq war and the new government
has caused much ethnic and religious
group conflict
SS7CG5
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Israel is a parliamentary democracy
Leader chosen from the majority
political party in the legislature
Parliament called the Knesset with a
Prime Minister
18 years of age to vote
Suffrage: voting
They vote by party affiliation
SS7CG5
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Most are secular politicians, but
many want religion to influence laws
(Jewish)
Saudi Arabia is a hereditary
monarchy: King and family from
several generations
King and advisors make the laws
Laws based on the Quran or Shariah
Law
SS7CG5
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Almost all Saudi Citizens can vote
(no women)
Iran is a theocracy (republic..elect
your officials): based on Islam
(religious) Law
Citizens elect the legislature and
president
16 and older can vote
SS7CG5
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Most Iranian political leaders are part
of the Shia leadership group called
the Ayatollah
Iranian government dramatically
effects oil production (OPEC)
SS7E5
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Israel has almost no natural
resources and agricultural land
Israel’s economy is based on the
production of technology
Israel is a mixed economy
Iran has a mixed to command
economy
SS7E5
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Iran has an oil production based
economy (OPEC)
Saudi Arabia is an oil based economy
(OPEC)…giving them money to buy
goods (technology) they need for
survival
Turkey is a command to mixed
economy
SS7E5
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Turkey controls much of the business
in the country…but is starting to pass
law allowing more private business
decisions
SS7E6
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Saudi Arabia and other countries
have specialized in oil production to
earn money for need goods and
services
Israel’s agricultural technology is sold
to help make money to buy food
Trade barriers restrict countries to
trade (internationally)
SS7E6
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Tariffs (taxes) are trade barriers on
imports or exports
Embargo is when a country will not
trade with other countries (OPEC vs
supporters of Israel during the
Arab/Israeli Conflict)
SS7E7
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Middle Eastern countries have high
GDP…can invest money in human
capital and capital goods
(technology, advanced buildings,
transportation systems, education,
training for workers)