Transcript File

ISLAMIC STUDIES
ATTRIBUTES OF ISLAM
(Lecture:12)
Dr. Saif-ud-Din Saif
Two Groups of Ayaat in QUran (Al-e-Imran)
He is the One Who has revealed to you the
Book. Some of its verses are decisive(Muhkamaat), they are the foundation of the
Book - while others are allegorical
(Mutashabihaat). Those whose hearts are
infected with disbelief follow the allegorical
part to mislead others and to give it their
own interpretation, seeking for its hidden
meanings, but no one knows its hidden
meanings except Allah. Those who are well
grounded in knowledge say: "We believe in
it; it is all from our Lord." None will take
heed except the people of understanding.[7]
Contents
1.
Attributes of Islam
2.
Salient Features of Islam
3.
Types of Acts/Deeds in Islam
4.
The Actions Prescribed by Islam
ATTRIBUTES OF ISLAM
1.
ULTIMATE OBJECTIVE OF ISLAM
2.
A DIVINE RELIGION (the word of Allah Almighty)
3.
THE ONLY RELIGION THAT BELIEVES IN ALL THE
PREVIOUS DIVINE RELIGIONS AND PROPHETS
4.
THE LAST AND PERFECT RELIGION WITH THE
LAST MESSENGER AND LAST MESSAGE
5.
THE ONLY RELIGION FOR ALL THE MANKIND
6.
A RELIGION FOR ALL THE TIMES & PEOPLE TO
COME
7.
A PRACTICAL AND PRACTICABLE SYSTEM
ATTRIBUTES OF ISLAM
8.
A RELIGION WITH A POTENTIAL TO ADDRESS ALL
THE NEWLY EMERGING PROBLEMS
9.
A HARMONIOUS BLEND AMONG ALL THE SPHERES
OF LIFE
10.
A NATURAL RELIGION (Deen-e-Fitrat)
11.
A BALANCED RELIGION
12.
A COMPLETE/PERFECT SYSTEM
13.
AN EQUALIZING SOURCE
14.
A PEACEFUL RELIGION
1. ATTRIBUTES OF ISLAM
1. THE ULTIMATE OBJECTIVE OF ISLAM
a. Faith in Oneness of Allah, The Almighty, The
Sovereign, The Creator, The Sustainer.
b. Not to be oppressed or oppress others.
c. Not to enslave other or be enslaved.
d. All mankind is slave (creation and
abd) of Allah only; should only obey Allah.
e. To create a society (Islamic State) according
to instructions of Holy Quran & Model of
Sunnah.
Cont…
1. ATTRIBUTES OF ISLAM
2. A DIVINE RELIGION (the word of Allah
Almighty)
3. THE ONLY RELIGION THAT BELIEVES IN ALL
THE PREVIOUS DIVINE RELIGIONS AND
PROPHETS
4. THE LAST AND PERFECT RELIGION WITH
THE LAST MESSENGER AND LAST MESSAGE
Cont…
1. ATTRIBUTES OF ISLAM
5. THE ONLY RELIGION FOR ALL THE
MANKIND
6. A RELIGION FOR ALL THE TIMES & PEOPLE
TO COME
7. A PRACTICAL AND PRACTICABLE SYSTEM
An ideology with a practical system of life
that fully appreciates all the needs of
mankind and gives real and viable
(practicable) solutions to fulfill them.
1. ATTRIBUTES OF ISLAM
8. A RELIGION WITH A POTENTIAL TO
ADDRESS ALL THE NEWLY EMERGING
PROBLEMS
9. A HARMONIOUS BLEND AMONG ALL THE
SPHERES OF LIFE
a. Instructions to meet the genuine requirements of
mankind
b. To keep perfect balance between the instructions
for body, mind and spirit so that one sector
should not dominate the others.
c. Moderation advised in all good deeds.
d. Extremism strictly forbidden
1. ATTRIBUTES OF ISLAM
10. A NATURAL RELIGION (Deen-e-Fitrat)
a. No suppression or negation of the human
instincts (fitrat) thud body can perform at
optimum level to achieve the higher purpose
of its creation.
b. Development of soul to the higher planes of
existence desired thereof.
c. Caters for all the natural needs/demands of
mankind in a rightful way.
d. Does not allow bodily desires to low levels of
animalism and hedonism or torture oneself.
e. Provides chances for body and soul to
mutually co-exist and develop; it prevents and
resolves the internal psychological and
spiritual conflicts.
1. ATTRIBUTES OF ISLAM
11. A BALANCED RELIGION (Oppression-Free)
a. Does not allow an individual to transgress
against other individuals or the society
b. Does not allow the society to commit
transgression against an individual
c. Does not allow one class or group of people
to enslave or exploit other class or group
d. Creates a balance between different
sectors of society, in all material and
spiritual realms
e. Gives due regard to the just human needs
and places everything at its proper place.
f. Gives full allowance to physical, economic,
social and spiritual needs for a harmonious
co-existence and growth.
1. ATTRIBUTES OF ISLAM
12. A COMPLETE/PERFECT SYSTEM
a.
Complete & a perfect guidance on social,
economic and all other disciplines.
b.
Guarantees personal freedom,opportunities
for individual enterprise, not at the cost of
society, exploitation or social injustice.
c. None is superior on the basis of racism or
color; No one enjoys any superiority over
the others except in virtue and piety. Cont.
1. ATTRIBUTES OF ISLAM
d.
AIM: Welfare of all member of the society and the
global community as a whole. Cont..
e.
Protects the society from hazards of the two
extremes of Capitalism and Socialism or any other
-ism.
e.
Discourages the two extremes of entirely leaving
the worldly affairs and ignoring the bodily needs
or getting lost in the physical pleasure and worldly
affairs. It gives a moderate way in between, where
one can live a normal life and fulfill the purpose of
his creation.
Peace of Mind: Self-actualization, Connectedness
& Enlightenment according to Islamic code.
f.
1. ATTRIBUTES OF ISLAM
g. Islamic social and economic system was
ordained much before man-made systems.
It ensures the basic needs of mankind, i.e.,
food, housing, security and sexual
satisfaction.
Hadith: “Whosoever acts as a public officer for
us (i.e., The Islamic State) and has no wife,
he shall have a wife; if he has no house, he
shall be given a house to live in; if he has
no servant, he shall have one; and if he has
no animal (a conveyance), he shall be
provided with one. Any one who takes
more than this has exaggerated (i.e., taken
more than he deserves).” (Ahmad).
h. The usefulness of socio-economic & all
other Islamic systems is everlasting.
1. ATTRIBUTES OF ISLAM
13. AN EQUALIZING SOURCE
a.
Freed the black from slavery.
b.
Recognized the rights of black slaves even to the
highest seat of authority 1400 years ago in the
Islamic State.
c. Hadith: “Listen and obey even if a black slave be
appointed as your superior, so long as he should
enforce amongst you the Law of Allah (GOD).”
d. No Imperialism or Monarchy in Islam.
e. Prohibits usury and hoarding, which are basis
of Capitalism; & rid of their evil consequences .
f. The human rights, the real respect, the economic
rights, inheritance, and right to vote were given to
the women, first time in history by Islam.
g. The men ordered to be the caretaker, supervisor
and guardian of the women. (Gender equality)
1. ATTRIBUTES OF ISLAM
14. A PEACEFUL RELIGION
a. Literal meaning of Islam: ‘Peace’.
b. The first and foremost important aim
of Islam is Peace for everyone.
c. First ever code of ethics of war was
given to the world by Islam.
2. SALIENT FEATURES OF ISLAM
1. Muslims worship only One Allah (GOD)- Tauheed
2. Faith in Holy Prophet Muhammad (PBUH)- Risalat
3. Faith in all the Prophets
4. Faith in Quran & all previous Divine Books
5. Faith in Angels
6. Faith in Pre-destination
7. Resurrection after death
8. Day of Judgment
9. Five Pillars of Islam
a. Shahdah (Tauheed & Risalat)
b. Salaat
c. Sawm (Fasting in Ramazan)
d. Zakaat
e. Hajj
6. Islam Commands all kinds of Good and forbids all
kinds of Evil
2. SALIENT FEATURES OF ISLAM
1. Muslims worship only One Allah (GOD)
a. Allah is the one and unique in His
Oneness
b. Nothing is like Him and He is not like
any other thing.
c. Allah has no partner/s.
d. Allah is the only Creator, the only
Sustainer and the only Cherisher of
everything.
2. SALIENT FEATURES OF ISLAM
1. Muslims worship only One Allah (GOD)
e. Allah has created everything and He
was not created by any one.
f. He is the one who gives life and death.
g. Muslims trust in Him, ask Him for
help, guidance, patience and support.
h. Allah is able to do all things and has
no need of wife, son or daughter.
3. TYPES OF THE ACTS/DEEDS IN ISLAM
1.
Strictly Forbidden Acts (Haram)
2.
Permitted (Halal)
3.
Compulsory (Mandatory) Acts (Farz)
4.
Strongly Recommended Acts (not Farz)
(Sunnat-e-Moakada)
5.
Optional Acts (Sunnat & Nafl)
6.
Only Allah can make the rules/laws;
7.
The Caliph (Muslim emperor) can only
implement the rules of Allah.
BROADER CLASSIFICATION OF ACTS
1. Do’s (Marufaat, Awamir)
2. Don’ts (Munkaraat, Nawahi)
Do- Amr: (order to do an act)
Don’t-Nahi: (forbidding from doing an act)
Key to survival of a Muslim Society:
“Amr-bil-maroof wa Nahi-anil-Munkar”
(order to do good and stop bad deeds)
4.
ACTS
PRESCRIBED
BY
ISLAM
4. ACTS PRESCRIBED BY ISLAM (Sura Al-An’am)
4. ACTS PRESCRIBED BY ISLAM (Sura Al-An’am)
4. ACTS PRESCRIBED BY ISLAM
1.
Worship Allah only
2.
Islamic injunctions: Farz, Sunnat, Nafl
(Tawhed, Risalat, Salaat, Zakaat, Sawm,
Hajj- Jihaad, Learning & Teaching Quran)
3.
Individual level; Interpersonal relations
4.
Community level
5.
Social affairs
6.
Domestic affairs: Parents, Family members,
Spouse, Children, Relatives
7.
Economic affairs: Individual/National level
4. ACTS PRESCRIBED BY ISLAM
8.
Political affairs
9.
Professional Responsibilities
10.
Fear Me (Allah) and Me Alone.
11.
Do not mix the Truth with falsehood, or
knowingly conceal the truth.
12.
Establish Salah (prayers);
give Zakah (charity);
& bow down with those who bow down in
worship
4. ACTS PRESCRIBED BY ISLAM
13.
Seek Allah’s help with patience and prayer:
surely, Allah is with those who are patient.
14.
There is security of life for you in the law of
retaliation (Qisaas), so that you may learn
self-restraint.
15.
Fight in the way of Allah & do not
transgress
16.
Give generously for the cause of Allah
4. ACTS PRESCRIBED BY ISLAM
13.
Seek Allah’s help with patience and prayer:
surely, Allah is with those who are patient.
14.
There is security of life for you in the law of
retaliation (Qisaas), so that you may learn
self-restraint.
15.
Fight in the way of Allah & do not
transgress
16.
Give generously for the cause of Allah
4. ACTS PRESCRIBED BY ISLAM
17. They ask you what they should spend in
charity. Say: "Whatever you spend with a
good heart, give it to parents, relatives,
orphans, the helpless, & travelers in need.
18. Those of you who die and leave widows
should bequeath for them a year’s
maintenance without causing them to
leave their homes
19. Orders regarding hygiene, cleanliness of body and
hair, bathing, trimming nails,
4. ACTS PRESCRIBED BY ISLAM
20. Dowry to woman at the time of nikah is
obligatory.
21. Repentance with Allah (right to be forgiven
by Allah) is only for those who do
something evil in ignorance and repent as
soon as they realize it; Allah will pardon
them. Allah is the Knowledgeable,
Wise.[17] (An-Nisa)
4. ACTS PRESCRIBED BY ISLAM
There is no repentance for those who
persist in their evil deeds until death
approaches anyone of them and he says:
"surely now I repent." Similarly, there is no
repentance for those who die while they
were still unbelievers; for them We have
prepared a painful punishment.[18](AnNisa)
4. ACTS PRESCRIBED BY ISLAM
22. If you wish to marry another wife in place
of the one you already have, do not take
back anything of what you have given her
even if it be a heap of gold. Would you
take it back through slander and open sin
(accusing her unjustly) ?[20](An-Nisa)
5.
ACTS
FORBIDDEN
BY
ISLAM
5. FORBIDDEN THINGS
1.
Forbids the association of anything in
worship with Allah (Shirk)
2.
The worship of anything other than Allah
(Kufr-disbelieving)
3.
To obey any person by disobeying Allah
(La ta’at li-makhluqin fee ma’sia-til-Khaliq).
4.
To worship (follow) own whims, wishes,
desires, lust or indulge in ‘rat race’
(desires of our nafs-Id/Ego/Animal-self)
5. FORBIDDEN THINGS
5. To worship and follow the Shaitaan, a
devout (sworn) enemy of mankind
6. Forbids all types of sins (large or small,
hidden or open)
7.
Forbids Bid’ah (innovations in Islam)
8.
Forbids drinking wine, gambling, idol
worship and divining arrows.
9.
Forbids making Jews and Christians your
close friends.
5. FORBIDDEN THINGS
10.
Forbids following the Jews, Christians and
other non-believers in any way.
11.
Forbids sitting with the people who make
fun of the Ayaat of Holy Quran:
i. Making fun of Ayaat
ii. Openly disobeying the Ayaat
12.
All types of addicting drugs, wine, Narcotics
5. FORBIDDEN THINGS
13.
Forbids Immodesty (Fah-sha)
14.
Bad language
15.
Adultery
16.
Home-sexuality, other perversions
17.
To kill another person except in cases
where it is right to do so.
5. FORBIDDEN THINGS
18.
Forbidden to kill one’s children for fear of
poverty or other wise;(before or after
birth)
19.
Forbidden to commit suicide
20.
Never be disappointed from mercy of Allah
21.
Forbids the hypocrisy
22.
Forbids Lying, Backbiting, Breeching the
trust, using Abusive language and jealousy.
5. FORBIDDEN THINGS
23.
Forbidden to disturb the peace of the
society (Fasaad-fil-Arz).
24.
Forbids taking back one’s charity.
25.
Forbids the employer to exploit the an
employee & commands the employee
to perform his duty honestly.
5. FORBIDDEN THINGS
26.
Islam forbids killing the human
beings except in cases where legal
27.
Islam forbids to commit suicide
28.
Forbids giving the false witness
29.
Judiciary: To avoid injustice/Bribe
30.
Magic & Curse
5. FORBIDDEN THINGS
31. To disobey the parents
32. Canceling out good deeds by showing off,
boasting or reminding others of one’s
favors.
33. Offering of any nafl (supererogatory)
prayers when:
- the sun is rising,
- when it is at its zenith, and
- when it is setting, because it rises and
sets between the horns of shaytan (Satan)
5. FORBIDDEN THINGS
34. Raise the voice in prayer (disturbs
others)
35. Urinating into stagnant water
36. Buying, selling and making “lost and
found” announcements in the masjid.
37. Cheating
38. Looting, plundering
5. FORBIDDEN THINGS
39. Taking or giving Bribe
40. Wine
41. Gambling: Lottery, Prize bonds, Cards,
Sports, etc.
42. Divining arrows
43. Worship: the Idols, Tree, Grave, etc.
5. FORBIDDEN THINGS
44. Worship of humans (Sajda, kissing
hands of so-called spiritual leaders
or even other people)
45. Worship of own nafs
46. Misappropriations of money
unjustly
5. FORBIDDEN THINGS
47. Not consume one another’s wealth through
unlawful means; instead, do business with
mutual consent; do not kill yourselves by
adopting unlawful means. Indeed Allah is
Merciful to you.[29]
48. Acts of aggression and injustice: will
thrown into hellfire, and this is very easy for
Allah to do.[30]
(Sura An-Nisa)
5. FORBIDDEN THINGS
49. Forbids haste in walking when the iqamah
(call immediately preceding congregational
prayer) is given, and prescribes walking in
a calm and dignified manner.
50. Forbids wailing, tearing one’s clothes,
beating oneself, or leaving one’s hair
unkempt when a person dies.
5. FORBIDDEN THINGS
51. GRAVES:
a. Making them high,
b. Cemented,
c. Sitting on them,
d. Walking on the graves,
e. Putting lights/fire over them
f. Writing on graves
g. Prayers from the dead
h. To take graves as places of worship
j. Touching with reapect
k. Bowing before or Sajda to a grave
5. FORBIDDEN THINGS
52. Adulteration of food or any other item
53. Islam forbids celibacy and castration
54. Islam forbids women to make a
wanton display of themselves (tabarruj)
55. It also forbids extreme forms of female
circumcision.
56. Tattooing; any disfiguring of body
57. Long finger nails, cutting eyebrows,
widening teeth, adding hair.
5. FORBIDDEN THINGS
58. Eating of dead meat, regardless of whether
it died by drowning, strangulation, shock or
falling from a high place.
59. Clothing and adornment: Dress should be
used conceal the body and not to reveal the
body; not for show-off; not very expensive
60. Men are forbidden to wearing of gold.
5. FORBIDDEN THINGS
61. Men & women forbidden to wear each
others dress (cursed ones)
62. Bearing false witness
63. Forbids Muslims to praise themselves
64. Forbids Muslims to talk in a secret way or
whisper when others are present.
(Manners)
5. FORBIDDEN THINGS
65. Surely those who conceal any part of the
Book which Allah has revealed and sell His
revelations for a petty price (material
gain), shall swallow nothing but fire into
their bellies. On the Day of Resurrection,
Allah will neither speak to them nor purify
them and they shall have painful
punishment.
66. Islam forbids speaking ill of the dead
5. FORBIDDEN THINGS
67. Islam forbids Muslims not to eat the food
that is placed in front of others or to eat
from the centre of the dish or plate
68. Betraying a trust
69. Forbidden things regarding defecation and
urinating
70. Do not mix the Truth with falsehood, or
knowingly conceal the truth.
5. FORBIDDEN THINGS
71. Forbidden 3 divorces at a time; one divorce
in each month is recommended.
72. Forbidden to have sexual intercourse
during menstruation.
73. Have fear of Allah
74. Don’t misappropriate the property of
orphans
75. Don’t misappropriate the property of
inheritance
SEVEN BIG SINS-Hadith
1. To join other in worship along with Allah,
2. To practice sorcery,
3. To kill the life which Allah has forbidden
except for a just cause, (Islamic law),
4. To eat Riba (usury),
5. To eat up an orphan’s wealth,
6. To give back to the enemy and fleeing from
the battlefield at the time of fighting,
7. To accuse, chaste women, who never even
think of anything touching chastity and are
good believers.”
(Narrated Abu Huraira)
Thanks!