Transcript 2.) religions

THE RISE OF ISLAM
I. DESERTS, TOWNS, &
TRAVELERS
A. INTRO - GEOGRAPHY
1. ARGRICULTURE – S.W.
ARABIAN PENINSULA, OMAN, &
OASES
2. DESERTS – PENINSULA
MOSTLY DESERT, OCCUPIED BY
NOMADS (BEDOUIN)
B. DESERT & TOWN LIFE
1. BEDOUINS – NOMADIC
TRIBES (CLANS)
2. IDEALS BECAME PART OF
ISLAMIC CULTURE
3. OCCUPATION – HERDERS &
FARMERS
4. BECOMING FARMERS
a. AG. DEVELOPED AROUND
OASES & RIVER VALLEYS
b. EFFECTS – SETTLED
AREAS BECAME MARKET
TOWNS (TRADE CENTERS)
…SHIFT
c. WEST COAST TOWNS –
MARKET CENTERS FOR
LONG DISTANCE TRADE
(RED SEA)
C. CROSSROADS
1. TRADE ROUTES, LOCATIONS,
& METHODS
a. FROM SOUTHERN
ARABIA TO BYZANTINE &
PERSIAN EMPIRES
…CROSSROADS
b. CARAVAN ROUTES –
CONNECTED SILK ROAD
TO BYZANTINE EMPIRE
& ARABIA (CULTURAL
DIFFUSION)
2. MECCA
a. LOCATION –
WESTERN ARABIA,
NEAR RED SEA
b. RELIGION
1.) SITE OF
RELIGIOUS
PILGRIMAGE
2.) KA’ABA – ANCIENT
SHRINE/CENTER OF
PILGRIMAGE
c. RELIGIOUS TRADITION
1.)ALLAH – “GOD” IN ARABIC
2.) RELIGIONS – POLYTHEISTIC,
CHRISTIANITY, JUDAISM
3.) MUHAMMAD – BORN AROUND
570 A.D. - STARTED ISLAM
II. PROPHET MUHAMMAD
A. EARLY LIFE
1. ORPHANED AGE 6
2. RAISED BY UNCLE
3. WORKED IN CARAVANS
4. BECAME MANAGER FOR
KHADIJAH
5. MARRIED KHADIJAH
B. REVELATION
1. GABRIEL – MUHAMMAD WAS
MESSENGER OF GOD
2. TEACHINGS – ALLAH ONE AND
ONLY GOD
3. ISLAM – SUBMISSION TO THE
WILL OF ALLAH
…REVELATION
4. MUSLIM – ONE WHO HAS
SUBMITTED
5. FEARS OF ISLAM IN MECCA
a. LEAD TO NEGLECT OF ARAB
GODS
b. MECCA WOULD LOSE
PILGRIMAGES & TRADE
C. HIJRAH
1. MUHAMAD LEFT MECCA &
SETLED IN YATHRIB (MEDINA)
2. HIJRAH – MIGRATION OF
MUHAMMAD TO MEDINA
(YATHRIB)
…HIJRAH
3. POLITICAL & RELIGIOUS
LEADERSHIP
a. FORMED SINGLE
COMMUNITY OF ARABS
& JEWS
…LEADERSHIP
b. BECAME RELIGIOUS &
POLITICAL LEADER
c. CONVERTED MANY TO
ISLAM
d. MILITARY – LED MILITARY
IN FIGHTING BETWEEN
MECCA & MEDINA
D. RETURN TO MECCA
1. DEFEATED MECCA IN WAR
2. MOST MECCANS CONVERTED
TO ISLAM
3. MUHAMMAD DIED TWO YEARS
LATER
III. BELIEFS & PRACTICES
OF ISLAM
A. INTRODUCTION
1. MAIN BELIEFS
a. ONE GOD
b. BELIEF IN GOOD &
EVIL
…INTRO
c. INDIVIDUALS
RESPONSIBLE FOR
ACTIONS (AFTER LIFE)
B. THE FIVE PILLARS
1. FAITH (CREED) – THERE
IS NO GOD BUT ALLAH &
MUHAMMAD IS HIS
MESSENGER
…PILLARS
2. PRAYER
a. FIVE TIMES DAILY
b. MOSQUE – ISLAMIC
HOUSE OF WORSHIP
…PILLARS
3. ALMS – MONEY FOR
THE POOR THROUGH
RELIGIOUS TAXES
…PILLARS
4. FASTING
a. RAMADAN – HOLY MONTH
OF ISLAM
b. PERIOD WHERE NOTHING
IS EATEN BETWEEN SUNRISE
& SUNSET
…PILLAR
5. PILGRIMAGE
a. HAJJ – PILGRIMAGE /
TRIP TO MECCA AT
LEAST ONCE IN LIFE
C. A WAY OF LIFE
1. NO PORK OR ALCOHOL
2. FRIDAY DAY OF WORSHIP
3. WORSHIP GOD DIRECTLY
(MINISTER NOT NEEDED)
4. ULAMA – RELIGIOUS
TEACHERS APPLYING
ISLAM TO DAILY LIFE
D. SOURCES OF
AUTHORITY
1. ARABIC LANGUAGE
a. MUHAMMAD’S
REVELATIONS
b. COLLECTED AND WRITTEN
DOWN
…AUTHORITY
c. QUR’AN/KORAN – HOLY BOOK
OF ISLAM/MUSLIMS
(1) WRITTEN IN ARABIC
(2) LANGUAGE OF
WORSHIPERS & SCHOLARS
(3) HELPED UNITE CONQUERED
PEOPLES
2. ISLAMIC LAW
a. SHARIA – ISLAMIC LAW FROM
THE QU’RAN
b. REGULATES ALL ASPECTS OF
LIFE
c. DOES NOT SEPARATE RELGIOUS
LIFE FROM CIVIL & CRIMINAL
MATTERS
E. LINKS TO JUDASIM &
CHRISTIANITY
1. ALLAH SAME GOD FOR
CHRISTIANS, JEWS, MUSLIMS
2. ABRAHAM – FIRST GREAT
PROPHET
3. MOSES– VIEWED AS PROPHET
…LINKS
4. JESUS – VIEWED AS PROPHET
5. MUHAMMAD – THE PROPHET
(FINAL)
6. SHARIA – WRITTEN LAW,
REQUIRED TOLERANT
TREATMENT OF JEWS &
CHRISTIANS
IV. MUHAMMAD’S SUCCESSOR
SPREAD ISLAM
A. INTRODUCTION
1. MUHAMMAD – NAMED NO
SUCCESSOR
2. ABU-BAKR – ELECTED
ST
1 CALIPH
3. CALIPH - SUCCESSOR
B. RIGHTLY GUIDED
CALIPHS
1.
FIRST FOUR CALIPHS
2. RULE – KNOWN AS
CALIPHATES
…CALIPHS
3. ABU-BAKR
a. PROMISED TO UPHOLD
WHAT MUHAMMAD STOOD
FOR
…CALIPHS
b. GROUPS BEGAN TO BREAK
AWAY
c. USED JIHAD (ARMED
STRUGGLE) TO CONTROL &
EXPAND ISLAM
4. SPREAD OF ISLAM
a. ABU-BAKR – CONTROLLED ALL
OF ARABIA
b. UMAR – CONQUERED SYRIA,
EGYPT, PARTS OF PERSIA
(SASSANID)
c. 750 A.D. – EMPIRE EXTENDED
FROM ATLANTIC (SPAIN) TO
INDUS VALLEY
C. REASON FOR SUCCESS
1. PEOPLE BELIEVED
SUCCESSES DUE TO
ALLAH’S SUPPORT
2. WELL DISCIPLINED & WELL
COMMANDED ARMIES
…SUCCESS
3. WEAKNESS OF
BYZANTINE & PERSIAN
EMPIRES
4. ATTRACTED BY
MESSAGE OF HOPE &
EQUALITY
D. TREATMENT OF
CONQUERED PEOPLES
1. RETAINED THEIR OWN
RELIGION
2. MILITARY DUTY – PAID TAX
INSTEAD OF MILITARY
SERVICE
…TREATMENT
3. JEWS & CHRISTIANS
COULD NOT SPREAD
RELIGION
SPAIN
NORTH AFRICA
PERSIAN
EMPIRE
ARABIAN
PENINSULA
INDUS
VALLEY