Transcript The Rise of Islam

The Rise of Islam
Chapter 9
Section 1
Key Terms
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Bedouins
Muhammad
Hegira
Islam
Muslim
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Qur’an
Five Pillars of Faith
Mosque
Jihad
Deserts, Towns, and Trade Routes
 Arabian Peninsula
crossroads to three
continents
 Few oases for agriculture
 Surrounded by desert
 Herders and nomads
The Setting
 Bedouins- Arab nomads
organized into tribes
 Ideals of
 Courage
 Loyalty to family
 Warrior skills
 Became Islamic way of life
 600’s market towns
Crossroads or Trade and Ideas
 Western coast had larger
trading towns
 Local to long distance
 Connected major oceans
and trade routes
 Transported goods as
well as information
Mecca
 Caravans stopped during
holy months
 Brought religious pilgrims
 Ka’ab shrine of Abraham
 360 idols from different
tribes
 Allah-one God know in
Arabian Pensiula
Muhammad the Messenger
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Powerful Meccan Family
Received little schooling
Age 25 became a trader
Married Khadijah his
business partner
 Met followers of Judaism
and Christianity on
business
The Revelations
 Great interest in religion
 Age 40 voice called to him
 Meditated in cave outside
Mecca
 Voice of Gabriel
 Told Muhammad he was
the messenger of God
Revelations
 Muhammad thought he
was the last of the
prophets
 Taught Allah was the only
God
 Muslims agreed with the
principles of Islam
 Islam- means submission
to the will of Allah
Sharing the Revelations
 613 Muhammad preached
publicly in Mecca
 Followers attacked
 Left Mecca 622
 Moved to Yathrib
 Heigra- the 200 mile trip
 Yathrib renamed Medina
Sharing the Revelations
 Muhammad displayed
leadership skills
 Joined Arabs and Jews
into a single community
 Became a military leader
 Hostilities with Mecca
 Islam is the faith
 Muslims are the followers
Returning to Mecca
 630 Muhammad and
10,000 followers marched
on Mecca
 Destroyed idols of Ka’aba
 Meccans pledged loyalty
 Muhammad dies two
years later
Basic Ideas of Islam
 Only one God- Allah
 Five Pillars of Faith
 1 to become a Muslim There
is no God but, A, and
Muhammad is the
Messenger for Allah
 2 Pray five times a day
 3 Alms- give to the poor
 4 Fasting during Ramadan
 5 Pilgrimage if physically
and financially perform Haij
to Mecca
Guidance and Behavior
 Five pillars ensure
Muslims live religion while
serving the community
 Forbidden to eat pork
 Drink intoxicating
beverages
 Friday afternoons for
communal worship
A Way of Life
 Has no priests or religious
authority
 Muslims worship Allah
directly
 Ulama- Muslim scholars
 Religious teachers who
apply to the word of
Allah to everyday life
Sources of Authority
 Qur’an-the holy book of
Muslims
 Written after
Muhammad’s death
 Written in Arabic
 Used in worship
 True word
 Became language of
worshippers and scholars
Source of Authority
 Arabic language helped
unite conquered people
 Sunna- Muhammad’s
example the best model
of proper living
 Shari’a- system of laws
that regulate family life,
moral conduct, business
and community life
People of the Book
 All have Allah as the one
God
 Muslims see Jesus as a
prophet not son of God
 Qur’an the word of God
to Muhammad
 Torah to Moses
 Gospels to the Christians
People of the Book
 Muhammad was the final
prophet
 All have, heaven, hell, and
final judgment
 Ancestry to Abraham
 Christians and Jews are
people of the book
 Qur’an requires religious
tolerance of Christians and
Jews