Transcript b. sunni –shi`a split

SPREAD OF ISLAM
I. INTERNAL CONFLICT
A. INTRODUCTION
1. UTHMAN – MURDERED
STARTING CIVIL WAR
2. ALI – MURDERED LEADING
TO SPLIT IN RELIGION
3. MUAWIYA
a) GOVERNOR OF SYRIA
…MUAWIYA
b) CREATED UMAYYAD DYNASTY
c) MOVED CAPITAL TO
DAMASCUS
d) BEGAN DIVISION OF ISLAM
B. SUNNI –SHI’A SPLIT
1. SHI’A (SHIITE) – PARTY OF ALI
a) CALIPH – PERSON
RESPONSIBLE FOR THE
SPREAD OF MUHAMMAD’S
MESSAGE
…SPLIT
b) SHOULD BE DESCENDED
FROM MUHAMMAD
2. SUNNI – FOLLOWER’S OF
MUHAMMAD’S EXAMPLE
…SUNNI
a) ANY DEVOUT MUSLIM
COULD BE CALIPH
b. ACCEPTED UMAYYAD
RULE
3. SUFI
a) TRIED TO ACHIEVE PERSONAL
CONTACT WITH GOD
b) HELPED KEEP MUSLIMS
FOCUSED ON QUR'AN AND
TRADITIONS
…SUFI
c) ACTIVE AS MISSIONARIES
d) SCHOLARSHIP
(1) STUDIED TRADITIONS OF
MUHAMMAD
(2) ARABIC LANGUAGE
(3) SHARI'A - (LAW CODE)
ESTABLISHED STANDARDS OF
ISLAMIC CONDUCT
…SPLIT
OVERTHREW
UMAYYAD DYNASTY
4. ABBASIDS -
II. CONTROL THREE
CONTINENTS
A. INTRODUCTION
1. SPAIN
a) UMAYYAD
ESTABLISHED
NEW DYNASTY
AFTER
OVERTHROW
JOINED
BERBERS
…INTRO
b) BERBERS
(1) MUSLIMS OF NORTH AFRICA
(2) ADVANCED MUSLIM ARMIES
INTO FRANCE
(3) HALTED IN 732 A.D. @
BATTLE OF TOURS BY CHARLES
MARTEL
…BERBERS
(4) MOORS – MUSLIMS OF
SPAIN FROM AFRICA
B. ABBASID POWER
1. GEOGRAPHY – OLD PERSIA,
IRAN, IRAQ, & CENTRAL ASIA
2. BAGHDAD – NEW CAPITAL IN
IRAQ ON KEY TRADE ROUTES
…ABBASID
3. BUREAUCRACY
a) CONDUCTED AFFAIRS OF
EMPIRE (DAY TO DAY)
b) DEPARTMENTS
(1) TREASURY
…DEPARTMENTS
(2) ARMY
(3) DIPLOMATIC
c) SUPPORTED BY TAXES
C. RIVAL GROUPS
1. FATIMID DYNASTY
a) RESULTED FROM GROWTH OF
SMALL MUSLIM STATES
b) LOCATION – FROM N.E. AFRICA
TO W. ARABIAN PENINSULA &
SYRIA
LATEEN SAIL
D. MUSLIM TRADE
NETWORK
1. SEA TRADING ZONES
a) WHERE – MEDITERRANEAN
& INDIAN OCEAN
b) CONNECTED MUSLIM
EMPIRE TO WORLD TRADE
2. LAND ROUTES
a) SILK ROAD
b) ACROSS NORTHERN AFRICA
c) SOUTH ACROSS SAHARAN TO
SUB-SAHARAN KINGDOMS
3. MERCHANTS &
CULTURAL DIFFUSION
a) ARABIC ONLY LANGUAGE
b) SINGLE CURRENCY – ABBASID
DINAR
c) ISLAM SPREAD ACROSS TRADE
ROUTES
4. BANKS
a) SET UP BY MONEY CHANGERS
b) ISSUED LETTERS OF CREDIT
(SAKK)
c) COULD BE EXCHANGED AT OTHER
BANKS FOR MONEY
III. MUSLIM SOCIETY
A. MUSLIM CITIES
1. ABBASID – BAGHDAD &
DAMASCUS
2. CORDOBA – UMAYYAD
CAPITAL (SPAIN)
…URBAN CENTERS
3. CAIRO – FATIMID CAPITAL
(EGYPT)
4. JERUSALEM
5. BAGHDAD’S DESIGN
a) WEST BANK OF TIGRIS
b) CIRCULAR, PROTECTED BY
THREE WALLS
…BAGHDAD
c) PALACE AND GRAND
MOSQUE AT CENTER
d) POPULATION NEAR 1
MILLION
e) CONQUERED BY
MONGOLS
B. SOCIAL CLASSES
1. UPPER CLASS – MUSLIMS AT BIRTH
2. SECOND CLASS – CONVERTS TO
ISLAM (PAID HIGHER TAXES)
3. PROTECTED PEOPLES –
CHRISTIANS, JEWS,
ZOROASTRIANS
4. LOWER CLASSES
a) SLAVES
b) PRISONERS OF WAR
c) NON-MUSLIMS
C. ROLE OF WOMEN
1. MEN – MANAGERS OF
WOMEN'S AFFAIRS
2. EQUAL AS BELIEVERS
3. LEGAL RIGHTS
a) SHARI'A GRANTED LEGAL
RIGHTS
(1) MARRIAGE (DIVORCE)
(2) FAMILY
(3) PROPERTY
(INHERITANCE)
4. RESPONSIBILITIES
a) POOR – WORKED IN FIELDS WITH
HUSBAND
b) WEALTHY
(1) SUPERVISED HOUSEHOLD &
SERVANTS
(2) HAD ACCESS TO EDUCATION
…RESPONSIBILITIES
c) RICH OR POOR –
RESPONSIBLE FOR
RAISING CHILDREN
IV. MUSLIM
SCHOLARSHIP
A. CULTURAL DIFFUSION
1. EUROPE
a) PERIOD OF CULTURAL
DECLINE (DARK AGE)
b) SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE AT
RISK OF BEING LOST
2. MUSLIM SCHOLARS
a) COLLECTED & TRANSLATED
SCIENTIFIC & PHILOSOPHICAL
TEXT
b) HOUSE OF WISDOM – LIBRARY,
ACADEMY, TRANSLATION CENTER
(UNIVERSITY)
HOUSE OF WISDOM
…SCHOLARS
c) WORKS TRANSLATED – GREEK,
INDIAN, & PERSIAN TEXTS INTO
ARABIC
d) PRESERVED EUROPEAN
(GRECO/ROMAN) LEARNING
V. ARTS & SCIENCES
A. MUSLIM LITERATURE
1. SUBJECTS OVER TIME
a) BEDOUINS – DESERT LIFE,
BRAVERY, LOVE
b) QUR'AN – PRAISED THE
PROPHET (MUHAMMAD),
ISLAM, & LATER LEADER
…OVER TIME
c) POPULAR LITERATURE –
“THE THOUSAND AND
ONE NIGHTS”
B. MUSLIM ART &
ARCHITECTURE
1. DRAWINGS
a) IMAGES OF PEOPLE
DISCOURAGED
b) ARTISTS TURNED TO
CALLIGRAPHY
2. CALLIGRAPHY
a) HANDWRITING AS AN
ART FORM
3. ARCHITECTURE
a) MOSQUES
(1) BLEND OF BYZANTINE &
MUSLIM IDEAS
(2) INCORPORATED DOME &
VAULTED CEILING
(3) MOSAICS MOST IMPORTANT
ART FORM
…ARCHITECTURE
b) ROMAN INFLUENCE
(1) HEATED BATH
(2) ARCHES
C. MEDICAL ADVANCES
1. AL-RAZI
a) WROTE COMPREHENSIVE
BOOK (ENCYCLOPEDIA) ON
MEDICAL KNOWLEDGE
b) TREATISE ON SMALL POX &
MEASLES CLEAN AIR = FASTER
RECOVERY
D. MATH & SCIENCE
1. SCIENCE
a) DID NOT USE LOGICAL
REASONING FOR SCIENCE
b) PREFERRED EXPERIMENTS
IN LABORATORIES
2. MATH
a) BASIS FOR ALL KNOWLEDGE
b) AL-JABR – THE ART OF
BRINGING TOGETHER
UNKNOWNS TO MATCH
KNOWN QUANTITIES
...MATH
c) ARABIC NUMERALS
ADOPTED FROM INDIA
INCLUDING CONCEPT OF
ZERO
3. ASTRONOMY
a) LED TO ADVANCES IN
MATH
b) OBSERVATORIES CHARTED
STARS, COMETS, AND
PLANETS (IMPROVED MAPS)
4. OPTICS
a) SCIENCE OF LIGHT
b) LIGHT PASSED TO THE EYES
NOT FROM THE EYES
c) IDEAS USED TO DEVELOP
MICROSCOPE/TELESCOPE
E. PHILOSOPHY &
RELIGION
1. ATTEMPTED TO HARMONIZE
PLATO, ARISTOTLE, & ISLAMIC
WRITINGS
2. GOAL – FINDING THE TRUTH