Transcript The Spread of Islam

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Islam. Muslim.
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What is the first thing that comes to your mind
after reading those words? Explain in complete
sentences.
33.32%
Muslims in the world today
1. Indonesia
183,000,000
6. Iran
62,000,000
2. Pakistan
134,000,000
7. Egypt
59,000,000
3. India
121,000,000
8. Nigeria
53,000,000
4. Bangladesh
114,000,000
9. Algeria
31,000,000
10. Morocco
29,000,000
5. Turkey
66,000,000
Arabs make up only 20% of the total
Muslim population of the world.
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Name of religion
Monotheistic or polytheisitic?
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Name of God or gods
Where was the religion started? By who?
By 750 AD
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Arabic word – “giving
oneself over to the will
of God”
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Founded by Muhammad
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Monotheistic religion
Prophet of Allah (“the
God”)
Followers of Islam =
Muslims
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Largest and richest city in western Arabia
Supported by trade and religion
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Traders on their way to Constantinople
Pilgrims came to worship at Arabia’s holiest
shrine, the Ka’bah, that is filled with idols (many
gods)
1880
1910
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Born in 570 A.D. and became a successful
businessman
Upset with the way people lived
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Selfishness – gambling, drinking, corruption in
Mecca
Angel Gabriel visited him = revelation
(vision)
Began to preach about one God, Allah
Saw life as a preparation for the Day of
Judgment
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Rich people felt threatened
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Started to persecute Muhammad
Fled to Yathrib [Madina] in 622 (“Year of
Migration”)
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No more pilgrims will visit Mecca and buy their
goods
First year of Muslim calendar
630 – peaceful takeover of Mecca
632 – Muhammad dies
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Muslim scriptures
Direct word of God
to Muhammad
Written in Arabic
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The Quran describes five duties all Muslims
must fulfill
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Shahada
Salat
Zakat
Sawm
Hajj
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Profession of Faith
Muslims must recite “There is no God but
Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet.”
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Prayer
Muslims must pray
five times a day,
facing Mecca
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Dawn, noon, late
afternoon, sunset,
evening
Mosque – Muslim
house of worship
Imam – prayer
leader
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Charity
Muslims believe that all things belong to God
Muslims must give 2.5% of their income
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Fasting
Must fast each year from sunrise to sunset
during the holy month of Ramadan
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Ramadan – ninth month of the Muslim lunar
calendar
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Pilgrimage
Each Muslim must
travel to Mecca two
months after
Ramadan at least
once in his/her
lifetime
2-3 million Muslims
make the pilgrimage
every year.
Do Now:
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Is it important to have faith? Why or why not?
The Arab Empire
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Group of Muslims chose a new leader whom
they called caliph, which means “successor”
Abu Bakr: first caliph after Muhammad’s
death
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Bakr and the next three were elected for life
Caliphs
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Ruled from Madina
head of the Muslim community and his
primary responsibility was to continue in the
path of the Prophet Muhammad
Rightly Guided Caliphs: first 4 caliphs
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Carried Islam to other peoples
Expansion
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Sent warriors to surrounding areas
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Palestine, Syria, Iraq, Persia, Egypt, North Africa
Successful because:
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Islam was the common goal
The way they treated the people that they
conquered
The Umayyads (661-750 A.D.)
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Moved the capital from Madina to Damascus
From this time on, the title of caliph was
hereditary
Ruled more like kings
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Recognized government
Umayyad Accomplishments
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Arabic=official
language
Minted first Arab
money
Horseback postal
routes
Irrigation canals
Beautiful mosques
and arts
Islamic Schism (split)
Shia
Sunni
-Smaller group
-Larger group
-Pillars of
Islam
-Followed
Rightly Guided
Caliphs
-recognize
each other
as Muslims
-Believed caliphs
should be
descendents of Ali
(Muhammad’s sonin-law)
The Abbasids (750-1258 A.D.)
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750 A.D.: defeated the Umayyads and became
new rulers of the Arab Empire
Golden Age of Islam = first 100 years in
power
Built a new capital…Baghdad
The Abbasids
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Arabic language and Islamic religion
remained
Vizier: chief advisor
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took charge of running the empire
Did not try to conquer
Baghdad = major trading center
Changing Empire
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Interest in Greek science and philosophy
Advanced farming methods
Practical math
Increasing trade
Everday life
Golden Age of Muslim Spain
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Muslim Arabs + Berbers = Moors
defeated the West Goths
Set up a kingdom that allowed religious
freedom
Beautiful architecture
Islamic Life
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Islam attempted to “right the wrongs”
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Marriage
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Property
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Raising female child guaranteed a reward in Paradise
Women entitled to half of husband’s wealth
Education
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Both obligated to seek knowledge
Arab Contributions
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Common language of Arabic – promote
sharing of knowledge
Chemistry
Astronomy
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Moon affects tides, size of Earth
Mathematics – algebra
Medicine
Arab Contributions
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The Arts
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The Arabian Nights
and Rubaiyat
Art is distinct and
full of color
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Geometric designs,
flowers, leaves, stars
History
Islamic Republic
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Form of theocracy
Pakistan, Iran, Afghanistan
Turkey
Algeria
Azerbaijan
Pakistan
Uzbekistan