Transcript Major Events of Islam Post Classical Period 500-1250

Major Events of Islam
Post-Classical Period
500-1250
Madnick/Global History 9
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Mohamed
• Born in Mecca, 570
• died 632
• 622- Hegira
–moved from Mecca to Medina
--created first Islamic city-state with
Muslim government and military forces
• Muslims believe he died in Jerusalem and
went up to heaven
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Umayyad Dynasty, 661-750
• Capital city in Damascus, Syria (ME)
• Rapid spread of Islam in Afro Eurasia
• Why did it spread so quickly?
– Muslim horse cavalries were faster than
traditional foot soldiers
– Muslims allowed conquered people to keep
their cultures
– Message of Islam was appealing
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Umayyad Dynasty, 661-750
• Cultural diffusion
– Most conquered people spoke Arabic
– Many converted to Islam in AfroEurasia
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Abbasid Dynasty, 750-1258
• Capital city at Baghdad
“It is an excellent military camp. Besides, here is
the Tigris to put us in touch with the lands of
China and bring us all that the seas yield”
Al Mansur
Founder of Baghdad
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Abbasid Dynasty, 750-1258
• Golden Age of Islam
• Major achievements in science, math,
medicine, art, literature
• Translation Movement: Greek texts translated
into Arabic
• Baghdad became major trade center of the
world
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Abbasid Dynasty, 750-1258
•silk, porcelain, and paper from China
•sugar, spices, precious metals from India
•ivory, gold, and black slaves from Africa
•jewels and wool from Turkey
•pearls from Arabia
•furs and white slaves from Russia.
•taxes from all over the empire
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Other Events
• 1055-Turks invaded Baghdad from CA
– Converted to Islam and kept Abbasid rulers
– AKA Seljuk Turks, Ottoman Turks
• 1099-Christian armies invaded from WE and
conquered Jerusalem
– Muslims and Christians fought over control
of Jerusalem for the next 300 yrs. in wars
called the Crusades
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Other Events
• 1216-Mongols invaded ME from CA
– Led by Ghenghis Khan
– Converted to Islam and created the world’s
largest empire ever
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Delhi Sultanate, 1100-1398
• Muslim empire in
India
• Capital city at Delhi
• Many Muslims
moved from
Baghdad to Delhi to
escape Mongol
invasions
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Delhi Sultanate, 1100-1398
• Trade increased between the ME and SEA
• Cultural Diffusion—
– Many Hindus converted to Islam to escape
the caste system
– Urdu: new language combined Arabic and
Hindi
– Sikhism: new religion combined Islam and
Hinduism
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