The Islamic World
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Transcript The Islamic World
Chapter 11 A.D 570- A.D.1250
Objectives
Describe how geography affected
the people of the Arabian
Peninsula
Explain how Islam Began
Identify the main beliefs of Islam
Arabian Peninsula
Bordered by Arabian Sea, Persian Gulf, Red Sea, and
Syrian Desert
Mostly desert
Bedouins
Arabian Herders that were nomadic
Leader referred as Sheikh
Coastal
Milder climates to support people & towns
Townspeople were traders
Mecca is a caravan route across the desert
Made a living as a caravan trader
At age 40, called by Allah to be a
prophet and revealed verses for
Muhammad to recite
Mecca merchant feared teachings of
one god would stop the pilgrimages
Kaaba
Muhammad and follower take a
hijrah to Yathrib
After the move to Yathrib, Muhammad gained many
desert tribe followers
Mecca submitted to the teachings after several years of
war
Muhammad destroyed idols in the Kaaba and
rededicated it to Allah
Through wise policies, tolerance, and force, many
converted to new religion Islam
Based on the idea of only one god…must obey God’s
will
Islam translates “submission to God”
Qur’an is the holy book of Islam
Some basic rule to Islam
Live humble lives, be tolerant & generous, no eating
pork or drinking alcohol
Emphasizes the importance of jihad, the struggle to
defend the faith
Worship at Mosques
no furnishings, images of people , or animals
Only mats to kneel on
The profession of faith
The Five daily Prayers
no god but God Allah
Muhammad is the messenger of
God
ritual of washing and prescribed
movements
Must face the direction of Mecca
Paying zakat
Annual tax to help the poor
Fasting during the holy month of
Ramadan
Eat or drink nothing from dawn to sunset
Reminds them of the importance of self
discipline, dependence on the creator,
and feeling of the poor
Making a pilgrimage to Mecca at
least once
meet to pray & perform rituals to remind
them of the faith of Abraham
Objectives
Explore how the Muslims
expanded their empire
Explain how the Islamic
community divided
Abu Bakr
was given the title caliph,
“successor to the prophet”
Brought the Arabic tribes
together & spread Islam
northward
Umar
Strong leader w/well run
government
Conquered non-Muslim
territories
Muslim empire spreads to Syria, Persia, and North
Africa
Arab policy
Entered many treaties w/out battle
Tolerant toward other religions
Accept Islam or pay extra taxes
People who refused demands were killed
W/in 100 yrs., Islam spread east to India, west to
North Africa, conquered Mediterranean Sea islands
Infighting over caliph split the Islamic community
Mu’awiyah or ‘Ali
Sunni
Means “way of the prophet” or “habitual practice”
Agreed to accept Mu’awiyah
Believed that agreement among Muslim people
should settle religious matters
Shi‛ah
Believed that Ali’s descendants (imams) should
decide religious and worldly matters
Sufi
Muslim mystics who tried to live simple lives
centered on God
Turned away from worldly possessions and success
Believed faith in God marked your worth
General Tariq led Muslim
Army that conquered Spain
The Moors were Muslims
who made Spain their home
Ruled parts of Spain for 700
years
Nomadic people that lived by fighting and
raiding
Settled into present day Iraq
Growing power caused shift away from caliph
to sultan
By 1200 AD, the Turks had seized Syria,
Mesopotamia, parts of Asia Minor, and most of
Northern India
Explain what Muslim society and family life
were like
Identify Muslim achievements in Science
Explain how Islam influenced Arab art and
literature
Location allowed trade with Europe, Asia,
and Africa
Produced silk, cotton, wool, carpets, metal
products
Organized into provinces
Broken into 3 caliphates
Ruled by caliphs in Baghdad, Cairo, and Cordoba
Family was the core of daily life
Lived according to the Qur’an
Expected to follow Islamic laws in public and
private life
Slavery was common
Arranged marriages with right to refuse for
women
Family and mosque responsible for education
Made advances in the use of herbs, foods, and
prepared drugs
Advancement in techniques of dissection to study
anatomy
Correctly diagnosed diseases and New ideas about
hygiene
Pass examinations to practice medicine
Established 1st school of pharmacy and encyclopedia of
known drugs, preparation and effects
Established concept of the hospital
Al-Razi was the 1st to clearly describe measles and
small pox
Learned new number system from India
Developed Arabic numerals
Used decimals in Arab
Wrote about al-jabor, which became algebra
Spread mathematical ideas to Europe
Religious art does not show human or animal
forms
Uses geometric or floral designs
Mosques designed to show the glory of Islam
and power of the ruler
Mosques designed to house thousands of
followers
A minaret was attached to let a crier call
Muslims to worship
Caliphs were great
patrons of the arts
Writers lived with the
caliphs
The story of
Scheherazade
Stories of Muslim
Folktales
Known as the collection of
The Thousand and One
Nights