Transcript Islam
What is Islam and Who are the Muslims? SEPTEMBER 16 WARM-UP What was the capital of Eastern Rome? Who was the emperor of Eastern Rome? Overview of Islam Today, Islam is the world’s fastest growing religion with more than 1 billion followers throughout the world What was Arabia like before Muhammad? Don’t STOP…Believing….. Hold on to that Fe-e-e-elin Islam Islam is a monotheistic religion that began in city of Mecca located on the Arabian Peninsula near the Byzantine Empire Arabians were polytheistic & came to visit Mecca to pray to the Kabba, a shrine containing idols of 360 different gods (including Allah) Islam Mohammad was born in Mecca & was interested in monotheism of Jews & Christians who traded in Mecca At age 40, Mohammad had a vision that told him he was a messenger of Allah (Arabic word for “god”; the same god as Christians & Jews) Muhammad called his religion Islam (“surrender to God”) & destroyed the other idols in the Kabba Quick facts: –Followers of Islam The teachings of Mohammed were are called Muslims written down in the who believe in one Qur'an (Koran), the God, called Allah holy book of Islam –Allah is the same God worshiped by Jews & Christians –Muslims believe Muhammad was the last of God’s Islam Mohammad identified rules all Muslims should live by, called the Five Pillars of Islam: –Faith—believe in 1 god, Allah –Prayer—five times every day –Alms—give money to the needy –Fasting—eat no food from sunrise to sunset for 1 month (Ramadan) –Pilgrimage—one in life, go to Mecca Pilgrims in Mecca Muezzin Islam Islam became a very popular religion in Mecca and Medina. Expansion of Islam Muslims began to expand; idea of jihad taught that Muslims would go straight to heaven if died fighting for Allah; so they fought very hard to expand. –Holy wars were considered okay in God's eyes. • Islam expanded into a huge empire including Spain, Northern Africa, Persia, and Arabia. Expansion of Islam Expanded Arabic language and cultural innovations. Islamic rulers proved mostly tolerant, they offered new subjects three choices: 1.convert to Islam 2.pay a tax or 3.die What happened to Islam after Muhammad’s death? Islam Islam split into 2 sects; after Muhammad died, caliphs (followers of Muhammad) lead Islamic faith, but confusion over the “correct” leadership (caliph): –Sunni—caliphs should be chosen by vote (95% Muslims are Sunni today) –Shiite—caliphs should come directly from Muhammad’s family tree (more radical; 3% of all Muslims today) Muhammad, The Islamic Empire Islamic leaders created an empire: The Islamic Empire had well-trained troops that conquered nearby regions The massive empire led to great wealth for Muslims & new opportunities to After - - Percentage Today of Sunni & Shi’a Muslims Worldwide BYZANTINES MUSLIMS Ottoman Turks Turks are nomads from Asia; contact with Muslim Empire led to conversion of Turks to Islam Ottoman Turks—Most powerful group of Turks began to grow strong as Byzantine Empire and Islamic Empire began to weaken –Defeated both Islamic Empire & Byzantine Empire; created Ottoman Empire Seige of Constantinople (1453 A.D.) The Ottoman Empire