Transcript Islam: after Hijra

ISLAM: AFTER HIJRA
Chapter 6 #2
The
community governed by the revelations to M.
Many
from Mecca joined
Battles
in Mecca, truce eventually in 628 CE
630
CE surrender
Mecca accepted Islam, M  Medina
632
M. visits Mecca last time
This
pilgrimage: Hajj
RECALL: 622 CE, MUHAMMAD  MEDINA
Abu
Bakr caliph after Muhammad
Islam
spread rapidly, 637 CE Muslims in Jerusalem
Muslim
rulers did not force conquered people to
convert to Islam
By
150 after M., Islam: in N. Africa, Spain, central
Asia
AFTER MUHAMMAD
Early
Ali,
split: who should succeed Muhammad?
a cousin thought he should (as a direct relative)
Ali’s
followers chose leaders based on blood
relationship to M.
These
are called Shi’ite muslims
SHI’ITE MUSLIMS
Others
believed the best suited person should
lead, regardless of ancestry
Followers:
Sunni
Sunnis
emphasize a person’s direct relationship
with Allah
Shi’ites
emphasize the role & authority of religious
leaders
Today:
90% Sunni, 10% Shi’ite
SUNNI MUSLIMS
Ritual
acts to express faith & identify as Muslim
Give
practical descriptions as to how Muslims
worship and live as Muslim
Creed
Prayer
Almsgiving
Fasting
Pilgrimage
FIVE PILLARS
Shahadah
“There
is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is
the Messenger of Allah.”
This is the key belief
It is a sign of being Muslim
One only has to say it aloud before 2
witnesses
FIRST PILLAR: CREED
Salat
Prayer
Quiet
Can
of praise, 5 times/day
verbal prayers, & gestures
be anywhere, as long as it’s clean
Fridays:
mosque for community prayer
Private
prayer: du’a
SECOND PILLAR: PRAYER
Zakat
Those
who can, must donate to the
needy, to build mosques, etc.
Helps
to share wealth in a Muslim society
more fairly
THIRD PILLAR: ALMSGIVING
Sawm
During
(the
month of Ramadan
month M. received the message)
During
daylight: no food, evil thoughts, drinking,
smoking, sex
Evening:
families & friends, gather to break the day’s
fast with a light meal
Ramadan
ends: 3 day feast of Eid al-Fitr
FOURTH PILLAR: FASTING
Hajj
Pilgrimage
lifetime
to Mecca, only once in
If,
you can afford it , and are
healthy enough
It
is a supreme experience
FIFTH PILLAR: PILGRIMAGE
Special
Men:
gown: ihram
2 seamless garments, white cloth
Women:
only faces & hands uncovered
Ihram
emphasizes equality of all pilgrims and
that in death, all material things left behind
PILGRIM CLOTHING
The
cube-shaped shrine in the centre
of the Great Mosque in Mecca
The
holiest place
Pilgrims
circle the Kaaba 7 times
THE KAABA
KAABA