Transcript Islam Notes
Islam Religions of the world Islam – 2nd largest religion 1.3 billion followers on 3 continents 7 million Muslims in United States Islam is religion, Muslims are followers Mosques – places of worship for Muslims Islam Founded by Muhammad – descendant of Abraham (Ismael) Abraham first prophet, Muhammad last prophet Muhammad – b orn in 571 A.D. in Mecca (Saudi Arabia) Monotheistic religion from Judaism Believe in one god – no trinity Gabriel – highest ranking angel Islam Recognizes prophets – Abraham, Moses, Isaac, Jesus, John the Baptist, Ishmael, Joseph, Soloman, etc. Believes Mary was consecrated by God Special place for Jesus and Mary in Koran History of Muhammad • 622 “Hijra”or Escape. Muhammad and followers escape prosecution and go to Almadinah (Yathrib). Year 1 in the Islamic calendar ‘Missionaries’ sent all over Arabia – building peaceful coalition • 629 Muhammad conquers Mecca peacefully (NO REVENGE) destroys idols in Alqaaba. single-handedly, brings peace to war-torn Arabia • 632 Muhammad dies in Almadinah. Unmarked grave (his will) Family Line from Abraham to Muhammad Abraham Ismail Adnan Quraiysh Qussaiy Abdmanaf Abdshams Hashem Adbelmuttalib (Amneh+) Abdallah Abutalib Hamzeh Alabbas Muhammad Ummayah Dynasty (661-750) Abulahab Alhareth Ali Abbbassides Dynasty (750-1258) Holy book – Koran (Quran) 114 chapters of Scripture Confirms most narratives and prophets of the Jewish and Christian faiths Special place for Virgin Mary, the only female (the Chapter of Mary) Arabic God – Allah 5 Pillars of Islam 1. The Declaration of Faith: • "There is no deity but God, and Muhammad is the messenger of God" 2. Prayer: • Five obligatory prayers each day. • A direct link between the worshiper and God. • No hierarchical authority or priesthood 3. Zakat: • Obligatory charitable giving. • Wealth belong to God and it is held in trust by humans. • Zakat, or, "purification" by setting aside a portion (2.5%) for the needy 4. Fasting: • From sunrise to sunset during the holy month of Ramadan 5. Pilgrimage: • A pilgrimage (Hajj) to Mecca, Arabia. Only those who can Sunni vs. Shiha (struggle) Sunni • • • – 90% of Muslims Follow the Quran and the Hadeeth as we have them today, and as interpreted by the Sunni scholars When Muhammad died – leadership passed to close friend/advisor who believed Islam Believe in strict Shihas Shiha • – 10% of Muslims When Muhammad died – leadership should stay in his family • Came to be as a sect after 680 A.D. • Believe in the Quran and Hadeeth, like Sunni • Today Shiah is mainly in Iran (90%), Iraq (55%) and Lebanon (~40%) Believe in strict orders in hierarchy, Ayatollahs rule Iran instead of president Mostly in Iraq, Iran and Bahrain Role of Jihad • Islam is not addicted to war, and jihad is not one of its "pillars” • • • Jihad in Arabic does not mean "holy war”. It means "struggle” or “strive”. It is the difficult effort needed to put God's will into practice at every level The "greater jihad” in the Quran is that of the soul, of the tongue, of the pen, of faith, of morality, etc. The "smaller jihad" is that of arms. Role of War • Much of the Koran revealed in the context of an all-out war imposed on early Muslims by the powerful city of Mecca, and many passages deal with the conduct of armed struggle. While one finds "slay [enemies] wherever you find them!" in almost every case it is followed by something like "if they let you be, and do not make war on you, and offer you peace, God does not allow you to harm them" (2:90; 4: 90; 5: 2; 8: 61; 22: 39) • • Since good and evil cannot be equal, repel thou evil with something that is better, and love he between whom and thy self was enmity may then become as though he had always been close unto thee, a true friend" (41:34) God does not allow harm of civilian, and requests the protection of women, children and the elderly during war (4:96; 9: 91; 48: 16,17) You shall feed and protect prisoners of war, and you shall not expect a reward (4: 25,36; 5:24) Thus, the only permissible war in the Quran is one of self-defense, you cannot kill unarmed (civilian), and you have to protect prisoners of war Role of Women • • • • Eliminated many pre-Islamic discriminatory practices Gave women rights (e.g., inheritance) and equality to men, both were made from a single soul (e.g., 4:1) Limited the number of wives a man can marry Treat women with kindness and respect their rights as equal to men The hijab or head scarf • Modest dress apply to women and men equally (Quran and Hadith). • Women are required to cover their bodies so that their figure is not revealed. • Women are not required to cover their faces. The forbidden or ‘taboo’ (muharramat) include pork, blood, improperly butchered animals, baby animals, gambling, and charging interest Alcohol drinking was gradually disallowed • • Women’s clothing 1st Requirement – women’s entire bodies must be covered, but their faces and hands may be shown Abide by ‘awrah 2nd Requirement – garment must be loose enough so not to show shape of women’s body 3rd Requirement – garment must be thick enough not to reveal women’s skin color or shape 4th Requirement – must not draw attention to them, be showy or flashy Mens’ clothing Similar four requirements of women Cover man’s ‘awrah Loose clothing Thick clothing Not draw attention to man, not showy or flashy clothes Additional women requirements for men and Shouldn’t be similar to other gender Shouldn’t be similar to non-believers Shouldn’t show vanity or fame Famous Muslims Muhammad Malcolm Ali X Jermaine Jackson – Michael’s brother Dave Chapelle Mike Tyson Ice Cube Ryan Harris – NFL player Kareem Abdul-Jabbar