Transcript Exploring the Universe

Exploring the Universe
Harcourt Science
Unit D
Chapter 4
Mrs.Strand
6th grade
Lockwood Middle School
Life Cycle of Stars
• Terms
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Fusion
Main sequence
Nebula
Nova
Supernova
Life Cycle of Stars
• Brightness of stars
– Distance affects the brightness of stars
– What we see is called the apparent
magnitude
– Absolute magnitude is a measurement of the
brightness as if the distance from the earth was
32.6 light years away. A uniform distance, so
it’s the real brightness.
– Besides the sun, the brightest star is Sirius
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Types of Stars
• All stars are made up of hot, glowing
gases
• Stars can appear red, blue or yellow
based on surface temperature
– Hottest stars are blue, coolest are red
– Hertzspurg-Russel diagram classifies stars
• 90° of stars are called the main sequence
• Other stars include red giants, supergiants, and
dwarfs
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http://www.lpl.arizona.edu/~rhill/alpo/images/
Birth & Death of Stars
Stars form in huge, cool, dark clouds of dust and gases.
When there is enough matter, the particles fuse into
nebula.
This fusion is where the stars get their energy. The
centers are called protostars and determine how the star
starts its life.
The mass may be really hot which leads to high-mass
blue stars.
The mass may be cool which leads to low-mass red
stars.
The mass also determines how the star will die.
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http://www.phobos.pcm.hr/slike/Helix%20Nebula%20NGC7293.jpg
Birth & Death of Stars
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http://www.seasky.org/cosmic/assets/images/starlife.jpg
Types of Stars
• Terms
– Galaxy
– Galactic cluster
Types of starlight
• Knowledge about stars is indirect based
upon electromagnetic radiation (light &
sound,infrared rays, ultraviolet rays, x-rays)
• Stars are viewed with telescopes, radiowave receivers, and x-rays
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http://www.yorku.ca/eye/spectru.htm
What are galaxies?
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A large system of stars
Our galaxy has our sun and billions of stars
Our galaxy is 100,000 light-years across
Other galaxies include Andromeda, but
there are billions!
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groups_and_clusters_of_galaxies
Shapes of galaxies
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http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/gr/public/gal_class.html
http://www.damtp.cam.ac.uk/user/gr/public/gal_class.html
http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/galaxies.php
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http://www.seds.org/messier/xtra/ngc/lmc.html
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Models of the Universe
• The universe is everything that exists!
• How do we know how big it really is?
• What do we know about black holes?
How do we study space?
• Terms:
– Refracting telescope
– Reflecting telescope
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http://www.eurocosm.com/Application/images/telescopes/675-telescope-lg.jpg
Refracting & Reflecting
telescopes
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http://www.indepthinfo.com/telescopes/reflecting-telescopes.shtml
Optical telescopes
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How do we study space?
• People used to navigate
by the stars
we are always wanting to
know where we come
from and where we are
going
• Galileo developed a
refracting telescope
• 60 years later, Newton
developed a reflecting
telescope
People VS No People
• What are some potential problems with
people in space?
• What are some things that only people can
do in space?
Click Here for Timeline of
Space Exploration
Advanced Telescopes
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Very sensitive instruments
Hubble Space Telescope
Compton Gamma Ray Observatory
Cosmic Background Explorer
Radio Telescopes
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http://quest.nasa.gov/hst/photo.html
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http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/science/know_l2/emspectrum.html
Investigate Further