Transcript Rise of Islam Chapter 11 section 1

Rise of Islam
Chapter 11 section 1
Mr. Marsh
Columbus North High School
Prophet Muhammad
• City of Mecca
– Crossroads of two main trade routes
• Muhammad was born in Mecca about 570
AD
– At around 25 married a wealthy widow Khadiji
(kah DEE jah)
– At age 40 upset with idol worship and moral
ills of society
– Muhammad heard a voice (perceived to be
Gabriel the messenger of God) telling him to
“Recite I the name of your God, the Creator,
who created man from clots of blood
– His wife supported him and told him to follow
what he heard
• She became the first convert of Islam
The Hijra: a Turning Point
• 622 faced with the threat of murder
Muhammad and his followers left Mecca
for Yathrib
• Journey becomes known as Hijra
– Yathrib is renamed Medina “City of the
Prophet”
– This marks the first year of the Muslim
Calendar
Return to Mecca
• In 630 Muhammad returned to Mecca and
destroyed the idols
• Muhammad worked to unite the Arabs
under Islam until his death in 632
Teachings of Islam
• Islam is monotheistic
• The Quran (ku RAHN) is there holy book
• God is all-powerful and compassionate
– People are responsible for there own actions
– Each individual will face judgment and will
either have eternal punishment in hell or
eternal bliss in paradise
***Five Pillars***
• First- There is no god but God,
Muhammad is the messenger of God.
– God sent other prophets including Abraham,
Moses and Jesus, but Muhammad is the
greatest
***Five Pillars***
• Second- Daily Prayer
– After ritual washing, Muslims face the holy city
of Mecca
– Muslims will pray wherever but on many
cases the pray at a mosques
***Five Pillars***
• Third- Charity to the poor and needy
• Forth- Fasting during the month of
Ramadan
– Fasting from Sunrise to Sunset
• Fifth- Pilgrimage to Mecca
– All able bodies need to make a trip to Mecca
once in their life.
Jihad
(jee HAHD)
• Effort in God’s service as another duty
• It does not mean only “Holy War” however
it also means and includes acts of charity
or a internal struggle to achieve spiritual
peace
The Quran
• Quran contains the sacred word of God as
revealed by Muhammad
• Muslims believe that, in its original Arabic,
the Quran is the direct, unchangeable
word of God.
“People of the Book”
• Muslims profess faith in the same God as that
worshiped by Jews and Christians
• The Quran teaches that Islam is God’s final and
complete revelation.
• The Torah and Bible contain only partial
revelation from God
– Muslims, Jews and Christians are all “People of the
Book”
Way of Life
• Islam is both religion and a way of Life
• Sharia Law- Laws that developed out of
the teachings of the Quran
– Regulates moral conduct, family life, business
practices, government, etc…
– There is no difference between Civil and
Criminal Law
Way of Life
• Impact on Women
– Islam gave women spiritual equality
– Rights give to men and women differ
• Amount of inheritance given to a daughter is less
than that given to a son
• People in Byzantine lands and in Persia adopted
the practice of veiling upper-class women and
secluding them in a different part of the home
– This practice can be seen by some today
– NOT ALL WOMEN VEIL