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ARABIC 367
ISLAM
Pillars of Islam & Shri’a
What is Islam?
The term Islam derives from the root s-l-m
(submission, peace, commitment, surrender)
Islam: Monotheistic religion revealed to
Muhammad ibn Abdullah (610-632 C.E.). The
name Islam was instituted by the Qur’an,
sacred scripture revealed to Muhammad.
Islam is not a new religion. It is the last
reiteration of the primordial message of God’s
Oneness, a theme found in earlier monotheistic
religious traditions.
What does the term “ Allah ”mean?
Allah = al + ilah = God
Allah is the proper name for the Creator as
found in the Qur’an.
Eloh, Eluhim, El, Dios, Dieu
Who are Muslims?
Muslim is one who willfully submits to God. In
Islam, everything in creation ) microbes, plants,
animals, mountains, human beings, rivers…( is
“Muslim,” testifying to the majesty of the
Creator and submitting or committing to His
divine laws.
Commonly, the term Muslim refers to one who
believes in the “ Shahadah ”, and embraces a
lifestyle in accordance with the Islamic principles
and values.
What is “Shahadah”?
Shahadah: Witnessing that “There is no
deity but Allah, and Muhammad is his
Messenger.”
The Five Pillars of Islam
Shahadah - Declaration of Faith
Salah - Prayer
Sawm - Fasting
Zakat - Mandatory Almsgiving Tax
Hajj – Pilgrimage to Mecca
Basic Beliefs of Muslims
Muslims believe in…
Allah - The one God
Angels - (and the world of the unseen)
Prophets - (and Muhammad as the last prophet)
Divine Scriptures )and the Qur’an as the final scripture(
Day of judgment – (reward and punishment)
Belief in Al-Qadar
ISLAMIC LAW
Shari’a
Qur’an
Sunnah (sayings and actions of the
Prophet)
Ijma (consensus among Muslim scholars
and jurists)
Qiyas (making deductions by analogy or
precedent)
How was Shari’a developed?
The process of collecting, verifying, and codifying the
hadith (sayings) of the Prophet developed into a
science of its own.
Teachers and students of the Qur’an began writing
tafsirs, or commentaries in order to explain the
meaning of its verses.
Schools of Thought were formed in different regions
and came up with different interpretations and
judgments on certain issues. Due to varying social
structures, cultures, and lifestyles among Muslims, five
schools gained popularity in different parts of the
world.
Schools of Thought in Islam
…
Name
Founder
Commonly followed in
Hanafi
Abu Hanifa (d.767)
Turkey, Egypt, Pakistan, India, Syria, Jordan
Hanbali
Ibn Hanbal (d. 855)
Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Gulf countries
Jafari
Jafar Sadiq (d. 765)
Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Lebanon, Gulf
Mallki
M. Ibn Anas (d. 795)
N. African countries, Bahrain
Shafi’i
M. Ash-shfi (d. 820)
E. Africa, Yemen, C. Asia, S.E Asia, Jordan,
Syria, Iraq
Arabic 367
Minorities
Sunni Muslims make up the majority,
representing 85% of the Muslim
population.
Minorities
Muslims: Shia, Druze, Alawites...
Christians: Moronites, Catholics,
Chaldeans, Orthodox,Copts,
Protestans.
Jews
Shia
Who are they?
Where do they live?
How do they differ from Sunnis?
What are the branches of Shiism?
Druze
Who are they?
Are they a different sect?
What is the major difference between the
Shia and the Druze?
Alawis
Are they Muslims?
Maronites
Name
Are they Arabs?