Transcript Document

The World of Islam
Chapter 3 Section 1
Pages 89-95
World of Islam
The Founding of Islam
Prophet Muhammad ( Mohammed ) 570 - 632
610 Muhammad was sought out and began to have
visions from Allah (Arabic name for God)
Through the angel Gabriel Allah transmitted the entire
Quran (Koran) to Muhammad
When Muhammad began to preach his new religion he was
strongly opposed by the rulers of Makkah (Mecca)
In 622 was asked to come and rule Madinah (Medina),
accepted when they agreed he was the Prophet and he could
bring his followers, this became known as the hijra
Year 1 of the Islamic Calendar starts with the hijra in 622.
The rulers of Makkah continued to harass Muhammad and
his followers finally in 630 Muhammad defeated the leaders
of Makkah and he ruled it too
Muhammad dies in 632
Facts about Islam
Quran word of Allah, transmitted to Muhammad from 610 till
his death in 632, the angel taught it sura by sura to Muhammad
The Quran is always written in Arabic, Arabic is read the opposite
Of English. It is read right to left.
Hadith: Collected stories and sayings of and about the Prophet
Muhammad, not to be confused with the Quran.
The Five Pillars of Islam
Shahadah the Muslim statement of Faith, say it with the intent
Of becoming a Muslim and one is a Muslim
“There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is his Prophet”
Prayer or salat, five times a day. The prayer comes at designated
Times, one can pray where ever they are or in the Mosque
A Muslim always prays towards Makkah
Almsgiving or zakat, obligatory poor tax.
Fasting or sawm, all healthy and sane Muslims are expected to
abstain from eating, drinking,smoking or other bodily pleasures
during daylight hours of the Islamic month of Ramadan
Pilgrimage or Hajj, all Muslims that can afford it and are in good
health are expected to travel to Makkah and pray at the Kaba, at least
once in their life time.
Jihad: There are two types of Jihad. The Lesser Jihad is the
expectation that Moslems will defend their homeland and
Islam from attack. The Greater Jihad is the inner battle which
Moslems continually fight within themselves to submit to Allah
and to fulfill his expectations of humans.
To most Westerners a jihad is a Holy War
The three Holy Cities of Islam
Makkah
Madinah
Jerusalem
Islamic Sects
Sunni Islam: Larger Branch of Islam some 80% to 85%
The Sunni’s believe that Muhammad did not appoint a successor,
thus the Muslims must appoint one themselves, this led the the
establishment of the position of Caliphate. This position took over
Muhammad’s Worldly powers but was NOT a spiritual successor.
Shiite Islam: Smaller Sect of Islam about 15%
Shiite’s believe that Muhammad appointed a successor. This
successor was to be of Muhammad’s blood line and was to take
both Muhammad’s Worldly Powers and his Spiritual Powers.
They would be known as Imam or Ayatollah.
Islamic Empires and the West
Arab Empires: 622-750
Palestine: Holy Lands
Iberian Peninsula
France: Battle of Tours 732
Byzantine Empire
Issues: Controlled Trade Routes, Holy Lands, threatened to
conquer Europe itself.
Save ideas (Greeks and Romans), advanced Civilization, i.e. zero,
algebra…
Seljuk Turks
Threaten Byzantine Empire
Crusades; reawakening of Europe
The Mongols
The Ottoman Turks
Byzantine Empire: All trade routes to the East
Constantinople falls in1453
Siege of Vienna 1529 Ottoman Empires high water mark
Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent.
Battle of Lapanto 1571 off Western Greece
Holy League vs. Turks "Sempiternal Enemy of the Christian".
Last battle in World history between solely rowing ships.
Stopped the Navel threat to the Western Mediterranean