Transcript God may be One, but Islam most definitely is not.”

Development of the Muslim
Empire
Development of the Muslim Empire
Click for Spread of Religions
Watch the “Green”
Quick Review What we know about Islam:
People of the Book
• Judaism
• Christianity
• Islam
The Five Pillars of Islam
1) Shahada: The declaration of
faith
2) Salat: Daily prayer (five times)
3) Zakat: Charity (almsgiving)
4) Sawm: Fasting from sunup to
sundown during Ramadan
5) Hajj: A pilgrimage to Mecca at
least once in a Muslim’s life
John Green Review
1.Review the start of Islam for
tomorrow’s quiz
2.What caused the Sunni- Shia
split?
Muhammad Dies
Caliphate Established
Islam Spreads under Abu Bakr/Umar/Uthman
Division between Sunni and Shia
Muaiwiya moves capital to Damascus
Syria is center of Umayyad Muslim Empire
(680-750)
Abbasids Challenge Umayyad Leadership
Umayyad State in Spain
Baghdad is center of Muslim Empire (7501258)
Draw the expansion of Islam under Abu Barkr, Umar and Uthman on your handout
Quick Quiz:
1) What does Islam mean?
Islam is an Arabic word meaning “submission
to(God).” A Muslim is “one who submits to
Allah’s will.”
2) Who? Where? When?
Muhammad
Mecca
610 – 632 CE
3) What is the Qur’an?
The holy book of Islam, the Qur’an is the
revealed word of Allah to Muhammad through
the Angel Gabriel.
4) What are the two major branches of Islam?
Which branch has more followers?
Sunni: 85% of the Muslim World; Shia: 15%
With more than 1.2 billion Muslims, Islam is the
world’s fastest growing religion. Click for Review
“God may be One, but Islam
most definitely is not.”
- Reza Aslan, No god but God
It’s not the Western World versus the
Muslim World. It’s the Muslim World vs. the
Muslim World, an Islamic Reformation, and
we’re caught in the crossfire.
Sunni and Shia: The Split
•Note: This is a very simplified version.
•After Muhammad’s death (632), there
was a dispute over who should
succeed him as the next caliph (leader
of the Muslim community).
Sunni
• As the most qualified was Abu Bakr
was selected by the Muslim
community at Medina. These
followers became the Sunni, the main
or “orthodox” branch of Islam.
Shia
• However, another group believed that
Muhammad’s son-in-law, Ali
(Muhammad’s cousin and husband of
Muhammad’s daughter, Fatima), was
the rightful successor. They became
known as the Shiat Ali (“Party of Ali”),
also know as the Shi’ites and Shia.
Sunni vs. Shia
• Ali became the
fourth caliph, but
he was murdered
in 661 and his rival,
Mu’awiya (Sunni),
took over.
“Before one embarks on a journey of
revenge, he should dig two graves.”
- Confucious
•Ali’s son’s Hassan and Hussein
continued to oppose the Sunni
caliphs. Of course, Hassan
eventually was poisoned (669)
and Hussein died in battle (680).
• The deaths of Ali, Hassan, and Hussein
reinforced the Shia sense of betrayal and
inspired the Shia devotion to martyrdom.
• Shia became and remains the Islamic
branch of the poor and oppressed waiting
for deliverance.
Shi’ism, Shia, Shi’ites, Shiat Ali
• The Shias believe in divinelyappointed leaders (Imams) and await
the return of the 12th Imam,
Mohammed al-Mahdi, who
disappeared in 878. Al-Mahdi’s
return will reverse their fortunes and
bring “a reign of divine justice.”
Sunnis
• The Sunnis reject
leadership by Imams and
follow the Sunna – the
traditions of Muhammad
composed in Hadith, the
stories of the Prophet and
his Companions.
Basically, Hadith is what
Muhammad said, did,
agreed to, or condemned.
Want to be more confused?
• imam is a Sunni term used for the founding
scholars of the four Sunni madhabs or schools
of theological law.
• Imam may also refer to the imams of the
sciences related to Hadith.
• Or to the heads of the Prophet's descendants in
their times. In other words, "imam Ali" is a
phrase used by both Shia and Sunni Muslims
with different connotations.
The Umayyads
Ruled from 680-750
Moved capital to Damascus (Syria)
Umayyad Empire stretched to Spain
•Caliph appointed
governors to rule provinces
Spoils financed the govt.
3 level tax system
•Muslim (least)
•Converts
•Non-Muslims (most)
Trading
Canals + irrigation
Mosque Construction
•Great Mosque of
Damascus
•Dome of the Rock
Jerusalem
Extravagant lifestyles of rulers
Persians given secondary status
Persian Abbasids revolted and took control
Watch Islam Empire of Faith
Dome of the Rock/Foundation
Stone
See page 261 in textbook
Umayyad
•Location- on Tigris
near Euphratesexcellent for trade
•Created standard
code of law (Shariah)
•Complete banking
system using checks
•Circular city
protected by moat
•Arcades filled with
markets and shops
Even more lavish living
Some Muslim states separated from Abbasids (Muslim Spain)
Fatimids-Sicily and Egypt
Seliuq Turks gain control of caliphs (Start of the Crusades)
Watch Islam Empire of Faith
- Part 2 57 min (Baghdad)
Baghdad
Abbasid
Caliph
receiving
embassy
from
Charlemagne
Each Branch has Major Shariah –
Schools of Theological Law
Sunni Schools
• Hanafi – Arab Middle East, India, Pakistan,
parts of Afghanistan
• Maleki – north, central, and west Africa and
Egypt
• Shafii – East Africa, Indonesia, and Southeast
Asia
• Hanbali – Saudi Arabia
12th
Century
school of
astronomy
and
chemistry
at Cordoba
(Spain)
Cordoba-grand city-500
mosques 300 baths70
Libraries
•Control 80%
by 711
•Invasion of
France failed
•Charlemagne
could not drive
Muslims from
Spain
Literature, Medicine,
Law and agriculture
Muslim Golden Age711-1492
Jews, Christians, +
Muslims lived in peace
Watch Islam Empire of Faith part 2 Cordoba Chapter 10 ---109 mins
The Christian Reformation
• Christianity took 1,500
years of bloodshed to
reach its Reformation,
including Europe’s Thirty
Years’ War (1618-1648)
between the Protestant
Union and the Catholic
League. Between 1/5 to
1/3 of the German
population died.