Transcript File - History with Mr. Bayne

Islamic Civilization, Day 1
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Warm-up
Map
Notes on the origin and beliefs of Islam (through Five Pillars)
Begin graphic organizer and terms
SOL Review: Prehistory (Break out groups)
– At-risk: Power point review questions. (Do on paper-go over and correct)
and then gp. poster if time?
– Stronger students might be able to review both prehistory and river valley
civs today-do writing assignment based on graphic organizer tomorrow.
– Other options: writing assignment or make a crossword/test/wordsearch ,
game, pamphlet, poster, movie, etc. using notes- stronger students will not
need much review on material we just reviewed for midterm. Have to be
careful about having fun activities for some and not others
– Should we run-off booklets of powerpoints for at-risk?
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The student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600 to 1000 A.D. (C.E.)
by describing the origin, beliefs, traditions, customs, and spread of Islam on a graphic organizer
and terms list.
Islamic Civilization, Day 2
1. Warm Up
2. Notes on the spread of Islam and Historical
Turning points
3. Work on Graphic Organizer/Terms/ Review
4. SOL review: River Valley Civilizations (include
maps from SOL map packet-maybe we can get the interactive
board fixed?)
• Stronger students could do a writing assignment based on the
graphic organizer
The student will demonstrate knowledge of Islamic civilization from about 600
to 1000 A.D. (C.E.) by identifying historical turning points that affected the
spread and influence of Islamic civilization, with emphasis on the Sunni-Shi’a
division and the Battle of Tours on a graphic organizer and terms list.
Islamic Civilization, Day 3
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Warm-up
Finish Notes
Finish Packets
Those who finish- work on posters, etc.
I won’t be in class second half of third
(IEP) or fourth (SOL Blast)
Islamic Civilization, Day 4
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Warm-up
Test
Begin Africa
Meetings all day for me
Warm-up 1
1. The belief in one God is called monotheism or polytheism?
2. While most early civilizations were polytheistic, the Hebrews or
Egyptians were monotheistic.
3. The monotheism of Abraham or Gautama became the
foundation for Judaism, Christianity, and Islam.
4. The Holy Book of Judaism is the Torah or Vedas?
5. While Christianity, Judaism, and Islam share many of the
same beliefs, only Christians believe that Moses or Jesus is the
son of God.
6. Who stopped the Muslims from advancing into Europe at the
Battle of Tours? Angles or Franks?
7. The Crusades were fought over control of Rome or Jerusalem?
8. The Crusades increased trade or power of the Pope?
9. Muslims conquered this area in the 700s. Ferdinand and
Isabella reconquered it in 1492- France or Spain?
Warm-up, Day 2
1. Islam began on which Peninsula?
2. Who was the founder and prophet of Islam?
3. What is the Holy Book of Islam?
4. One belief that Judaism, Christianity and Islam
share is the belief in One God or Five Pillars
5. Muslims fast between sunrise and sunset during
which holy month?
6. Muslims try to make a pilgrimage to which
city?
7. The capital of the Muslim Empire was moved
first to Damascus and later to -?
Warm-up, Day 3
1. Baghdad
2. Damascus and
Jerusalem
3. Mecca and Medina
4. Constantinople
5. Capital of the
Islamic Empire that
was conquered by
the Mongols
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6. What was one impact of this event?
A. Muslim pilgrims no longer traveled to
Medina.
B. A permanent split occurred within the
religion.
C. Muslim teachers no longer made the Hajj.
7. At which number would the shrine on the left
be located on the map?
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1
2
3
8. Which city is important to Judaism,
Christianity, and Islam?
A. Rome
B. Constantinople
C. Mecca
D. Jerusalem
9. At which number would the shrine on the
left be located on the map?
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1
2
3
10. In the Muslim Empire, which language
helped trade and stimulated intellectual activity?
A. Latin
B. Greek
C. Persian
D. Arabic
11. What best completes the title of this map?
1. the Plague
2. Islam
3. Byzantines
The Muslim World
Origins of Islam
• Arabian Peninsula
(present-day Saudi
Arabia)
• The cities of
Mecca and Medina
• Based on the
monotheism of
Abraham.
Muhammad
• Muhammad is the
founder of Islam. He is
known as “The last and
greatest Prophet”
• He had a vision that
there was only one God,
“Allah”.
• At first, Muhammad spread his
monotheistic message in Mecca (the
birthplace and holiest city of Islam).
• He was driven from Mecca and fled to the city
of Medina.
• In Medina, he became a religious, political and
military leader.
Kaaba
• After 10 years, he returned to Mecca and
destroyed the idols at the Kaaba (Muslims
believe that this shrine was built by the
prophet Abraham).
Muhammad
Beliefs of Islam
• One God: “Allah”
• Quran (holy book)
• Judeo-Christian
prophets: Abraham,
Moses and Jesus
• Five pillars
Quran
Five Pillars of Islam
• Declaration of Faith: There is only One God
and Muhammad is his messenger
• Daily Prayer (5 times a day – facing Mecca)
• Alms to the poor (charity)
• Fasting during the holy month of Ramadan
• Pilgrimage (holy journey) to Mecca to visit the
Kaaba (Hajj)
• FAPPO
The Five Pillars
Daily Prayer
• five times a day- facing Mecca
Alms for the Poor
• Charity
Fasting
• During the month of Ramadan no food or
drink is taken from sunrise to sunset.
Hajj
• Pilgrimage to Mecca (if able) at least once
during a person’s lifetime.
The Hajj
The Muslim Empire
• At first, Islam
spread along trade
routes from Mecca
and Medina
• Muslims believed
they had a duty to
spread their religion
and began to build a
Muslim Empire.
• Under the first four Caliphs (leaders), Muslims were
able to take over the Fertile Crescent, Iran and
Egypt, including the cities of Jerusalem and
Damascus.
• This was due in part to the weakness of the
Byzantine and Persian Empires
• Finally it spread into Central Asia, across Northern
Africa and into Spain (Green areas)
• The Muslim empire grew quickly despite great
distances, deserts, and mountain barriers.
Early History of Islam
Damascus
• After the murder of the fourth caliph, Ali, the
Umayadd dynasty took power and moved the
capital of the Muslim Empire to Damascus (in
Syria).
Baghdad
• The next dynasty, the Abassids, moved the
capital to Baghdad (Iraq) due to its location
on the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers.
• This location provided access to
key trade routes which gave the
caliph access to trade goods, gold,
and information about the Empire.
• The Muslim Empire did not stay politically united.
• The empire began to split up into independent
Muslim states (caliphates); but Muslims remained
unified by a common religion, language, and trade.
• In the High Middle Ages Islam spread into
West Africa , Central and Southeast Asia.
• Today Islam is the dominant religion in the
Middle East, North Africa, and Indonesia
Spread of Islam
Sunni – Shi’a Division
• After the death of Ali (661 CE), the Islamic religion
split due to a disagreement over succession
(choosing the next caliph).
• The Shi’a believe the caliph should be a
relative of Ali (–the 4th Caliph).
• Shi’a Islam is the state religion of present-day
Iran and the majority religion in Iraq and
Lebanon.
Sunni Muslims
• The Sunni believed that the leader could be
related to any of the first four caliphs.
• The vast majority of Muslims belong to the
Sunni sect.
Major Sects of Islam
Other Historical Turning Points
• 732 CE: The the
Franks stopped
the Muslims from
advancing from
Spain into France
at the Battle of
Tours
• 1187 CE: Saladin, a
Muslim ruler, retook
Jerusalem and
Damascus from
Christian Crusaders.
• 1258 CE:
Mongols
captured and
destroyed the
city of Baghdad
• 1453 CE: Constantinople fell to the
Ottoman Turks (Muslims), ending the
Byzantine Empire. Constantinople
(Istanbul) became capital of the Ottoman
Empire
• 1492 CE: Ferdinand and Isabella
expelled the Muslim Moors from Spain
Ottoman Empire
Achievements
• Architecture: mosques (houses of worship)
– The Dome of the Rock was built on a site in
Jerusalem holy to Muslims and Jews.
• Mosaics: used geometric designs
because they were not permitted to
picture holy beings
• Arabic alphabet: This language
spread with Islam facilitating trade
– Ancient Greek and Roman texts were
translated into Arabic at the House of
Wisdom in Baghdad.
• Arabic numerals: adapted
from India - included zero )
• Universities: Centers of learning for Christian
Europeans as well as Muslims during the Middle
Ages
• Al Azhar university mosque, Cairo
• Algebra: (al Jabr)
invented by AlKhwarizmi
• Medicine: Far
more advanced
than in Europe.
– First true
hospitals.
al Razi
• Geographic knowledge:
Arab traders crossed the
Indian Ocean in ships
with lateen sails.
• By the tenth century, this
technology reached
Europe from the Middle
East.
Slavery
• Slavery was
common, but not
based on race.
Islamic Culture
2. Which empire was best known for libraries
that preserved ancient Greek and Roman
knowledge?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Mongol
Gupta
Chinese
Byzantine
10. Which religion contributed to the
unification of Russia?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Islam
Judaism
Eastern Orthodox
Roman Catholicism