Transcript Islam 1 - Eaton Community Schools

Muslim Civilizations
622-1629
The Religion of Islam
Followers called
Muslims
 Emerged in the desert
Arabian Peninsula
where Arab tribes
lived.
 Nomadic herders
called Bedouins
moved through the
deserts to reach
seasonal pasturelands.
 Competition between
the two groups led to
warfare.

Muhammad becomes a prophet



Muhammad born in oasis
town of Mecca in 570.
Mecca- market town at
the crossroads of several
caravan routes.
Also pilgrimage center
where Arabs came to
pray at the Kaaba, an
ancient temple that
housed statues of pagan
gods and goddesses.
Muhammad’s early life
Shepherd among the
Bedouins
 Led caravans and
became a successful
merchant.
 Known for his honesty
and was a devoted
father and husband.

God’s messenger
Muhammad troubled
by Mecca’s moral ills
 When 40 he heard
the voice of an angel,
Gabriel, calling him to
be the messenger of
God.
 He was encouraged
by his wife, Khadija,
to take the call.

Khadija was the first to convert to the
faith called Islam.
 Islam means “to submit to God”
 Encouraged Arabs to give up their worship
of pagan gods and submit to the one true
god, Allah.

Muhammad
Because his teachings
were radical, many did
not listen to him.
 He would be pushed out
of Mecca because
merchants believed his
religion would interfere
with trade.
 Muhammad would leave
Mecca and go to Yathrib,
a journey called the hijra.
 Yathrib later renamed
Medina- “City of the
Prophet”

Great information Mrs.
Kelly, I bet this will be on
the test!
The Hijra: A Turning Point
In Medina people agreed to follow his
teachings
 They became a community of Muslims or
umma.
 Brought peace to Medina
 As his reputation grew, many more
converted to Islam
 But Meccan leaders grew hostile towards
the Muslims and prepared for war.

Muhammad battles the Meccans
Muhammad wins and returns to Mecca
 Rededicates the Kaaba to Allah and it
becomes the most holy place in Islam.
 Muhammad works to unite the Arabs
under Islam.

Teachings of Islam
Monotheistic- belief in one god
 Quran- sacred text of Islam, teaches that
god is all-powerful and compassionate.
 People are responsible for their own
actions.
 Believe that God had sent other prophets,
Abraham, Moses and Jesus, but that
Muhammad was the last and greatest
prophet.

Quran
Contains the sacred
word of God as
revealed to
Muhammad.
 Teaches God’s will
and provides a guide
for life.
 Emphasizes honesty,
generosity and social
justice

Quran
Harsh penalties for
crimes
 On judgment day you
will face eternal
punishment in hell or
eternal bliss in
paradise.

Muslims follow
the Five Pillars of Islam
This is a
great test
question!!
1. Declaration of Faith
Called the shahada.
 “There is no god but
God, Muhammad is
the messenger of
God.”

2. Daily prayer
5 times a day
 Ritual washing and
then face the holy city
of Mecca to pray.
 Muslims can pray
anywhere but often
gather in mosqueshouse of worship.

3. Give charity to the poor
Money is collected in
the forms of a tax
called the zakat.
 Others give individual
donations.

4. Fast during Ramadan

Fast from sunrise to
sunset during the holy
month of Ramadan,
the month
Muhammad received
his first revelations
from God.
5. Make the hajj, or pilgrimage to
Mecca if physically and financially
able.
Pilgrims participate in
ceremonies
commemorating the
actions of Muhammad,
Abraham and Abraham’s
family.
 Simple attire symbolizes
the abandonment of the
material world for the sake
of God.

Another duty is jihad, or struggle in
God’s service.
Personal duty for Muslims who focus on
overcoming immorality within themselves.
 Jihad can also be interpreted as a holy
war to defend Islam and the Muslim
community. (Like the crusades to defend
Christianity)
 A holy war may only be declared by the
community, not by an individual Muslim or
a small group.

People of the Book
Muslims, Jews and Christians all worship
the same God.
 Quran teaches that Islam is God’s final
and complete revelation.
 Muslims consider Jews and Christians to
be “People of the Book”.

Islamic way of life
Sharia- Islamic
system of law.
 Includes
interpretation of the
Quran, examples of
behavior and Muslim
traditions.
 Regulates moral
conduct, family life
and business
practices.

Sharia
applies religious principles to all legal
situations.
 Unifies Muslims under a common legal
framework.

Impact of Islam on Women
Before Islam, limited
rights
 Could not inherit
property and had to
obey a male
guardian.
 Unwanted daughters
could be killed at
birth.

Extended rights under Islam
Affirmed the spiritual
equity of all Muslims.
 “Whoever does right
will enter the garden.”
 Under the Quran
women can reject a
marriage offer and
you cannot kill
daughters.
 Educate women

Spiritually equal but different roles
for men and women
Women would inherit
less money than men.
 Women had a harder
time getting a
divorce.
 Veiling upper-class
women and secluding
them in a separate
part of the home.
(Persian custom)
 Dress modestly.

Muslim/Christian differences

Muslim’s believe
that Jesus is a
prophet, but not
the final prophet.
They do not
consider him the
son of God.

Muslim’s pray/ask
for help from Allah
(God in Arabic).
They do not
believe in
intermediaries
(Jesus)
Differences cont.

Muslim’s believe
Jesus did not die
on the cross, a
Roman soldier did.
The crucifixion is
not in the Qur’an

Muslim’s believe in
Mary and the virgin
birth and they
believe that Jesus
raised the dead.
Differences cont.

Muslim’s believe
(as well as
Christians) that the
Qur’an is pure and
unaltered. God
Angel Gabriel
Muhammad.

Muslim’s believe
that the Bible has
been corrupted by
translators and
scholars.
Other Stuff

The Sunna is the
only other sacred
source for Muslims.
It is the practice
and examples of
the Prophet
Muhammad.

The Hadith is a
reliable report of
what the prophet
said or did.