Transcript Muslim Empire`s

Muslim Empire
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Bedouins
• Before Muhammad the Bedouins lived in
tribes or groups.
• Lived in the extreme conditions of the
desert.
• Ideals of courage and loyalty to family
• Skilled warriors
Muhammad
Muhammad was born in Mecca in 570 CE.
– Mecca was a trading and religious center
– Muhammad was a devout man who often
meditated on the moral ills of Meccan society
– Muhammad became a prophet at age 40 (610
CE)
– His teachings threatened merchants because
he wanted to remove the idols from the Ka’aba
– Mohammad led his followers to Yathrib
(Medina). This journey is called the hijra (622
CE)
• Muhammad and his followers defeated the
people of Mecca and returned to there to
dedicate the Ka’aba to Allah (630 CE)
• Muhammad died in 632 CE . He had not
named a successor to lead the community.
• Eventually believers chose Abu Bakr to be
the first caliph.
• Under the first four caliphs the Muslim
marched from victory to victory against
the Byzantines and the Persians.
Create a timeline that stretches from 500 CE to 700 CE. Place the following
important dates from the Rise of Islam on the timeline.
610 CE Muhammad becomes prophet
570 CE Muhammad born
630 CE Muhammad returned to Mecca
622 CE Muhammad left Mecca for Yathrib
632 CE Muhammad died
632 CE Abu Bakr became the first caliph
Muhammad Returned
to Mecca
Muhammad Left
Mecca for Yathrib
Muhammad
Born
500
Muhammad
Becomes
Prophet
600
Muhammad
Died
Abu Bakr
Became the
First Caliph
700
Islamic Faith
• Muslims do not believe priests are
necessary to mediate between people and
God.
• Muslims gather in mosques to pray, but
they may pray anywhere
• Muslims duties include the jihad which
means to struggle in God’s service
Standard: SSWH5 The student will trace the
origins and expansion of the Islamic World
between 600 CE and 1300 CE.
a. Origins of growth of the Islamic Empire.
b. Identify the Muslim trade routes.
c. Explain the reasons for the split between
Sunni and Shia Muslims.
d. Identify the contributions of Islamic
scholars.
The Split between Sunnis and Shi’as
Teachings of Islam
A. There is but one God (monotheism)
1. Muhammad is his messenger
B. The Quran is the Holy Book of Islam. It
is the sacred word of God as revealed to
Muhammad.
C. The Five Pillars of Islam
1. Faith – There is but one God, and Allah is his
name. Muhammad was the last and greatest
prophet
2. Prayer – Muslims face Mecca and pray five
times a day
3. Alms – Muslims care for others by giving
charity (alms) to the poor
4. Fast – Muslims fast from sunrise to sunset
during the holy month of Ramadan.
5. Hajj – Muslims must make a pilgrimage to pray
at the Kaaba at Mecca at least once.
Umayyads
• Lasted from 661-750.
• Came to power following
the death of Ali.
• Abandoned the simple life
of previous caliphs and
began to surround
themselves with wealth
and ceremony.
• Religious and political
opposition led to the
Umayyad downfall by rebel
groups in 750.
• The most powerful of the
rebel groups were the
Abbasids who took control.
Abbasids
• Lasted from750-1258
• Moved the capital of the
Muslim Empire to
Baghdad.
• Sent diplomats to lands as
far as Europe, Asia &
Africa.
• To support a large
government structure the
Abbasids taxed land,
imports, exports & nonMuslims.
• The Fatimid caliphate was formed
by Shi’a Muslims tracing their
descent from Muhammad’s
daughter Fatima.
• The Abbasid dynasty fell due to
poor leadership, the Fatimid revolt,
and because the Seljuks captured
Baghdad and launched attacks on
the Muslim Empire.
Islamic Achievements
• Golden Age occurred during the reign of the
Abbasids.
• Developed the House of Wisdom to translate
scientific and philosophical text in to
Arabic.
• Developed calligraphy or ornamental
writing.
• Comprehensive Books detailing medical
treatments.
• Used scientific observation and
experimentation to make advances in Math
and Science.
Islamic Trade Routes
• Muslim trade routes connected Asia with
the Mediterranean world.
• In Asia, they penetrated as far as China
and India and journeyed over the ancient
Silk Road. Muslim traders also traveled
across northern Africa as far as Timbuktu.
• As they traveled, traders spread Muslim
culture to Europe, Africa, and Asia.
Trade Goods
India
China
Byzantine
Arabia
Northwest
Africa
Egypt
Black Sea
Southwest
Persia
Tigers
Silk
Silver/Gold
Arab Horses
Leopards
Donkeys
Slaves
Sugar
Ebony
Porcelain
Embroidered
cloth
Ostriches
Black
Falcons
Papyrus
Amour
Dates
Coconuts
Paper
Slave Girls
Tanned Hides
Acacia
Felts
Balsam Oil
Helmets
Molasses
Elephants
Cinnamon
Marble
Thoroughbred
Camels
Red Rubies
Ink
Red Copper
Topaz
Castrated
Slaves