Transcript New Horizons

Future Space Exploration Missions
Juno
Juno’s principal goal is to understand the origin and
evolution of Jupiter
Juno will investigate Jupiter’s solid planetary core, map
Jupiter's intense magnetic field, measure the amount of
water and ammonia in the deep atmosphere, and observe
the planet's auroras
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Launch: August 5, 2011
► Scheduled Arrival: August 2016
► Mission class: New Frontiers
Future Space Exploration Missions
Juno
Instruments:
► Infrared mapper
► Microwave radiometer
► Magnetometer
► High-energy particle detector
► UV imaging spectrometer
► Visible band telescope
Future Space Exploration Missions
Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN)
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MAVEN will provide the first direct measurements to
answer important questions about the evolution of
Mars and its atmosphere
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Measurements of present-day atmospheric loss will
offer clues about the planet's earlier denser
atmosphere that supported liquid water on the surface,
and help understand the dramatic climate change on
Mars
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Launch: Scheduled for late 2013 on an Atlas V 401
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Mission class: Mars Scout Program
Future Space Exploration Missions
Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution
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Maven is scheduled to arrive at Mars in the fall of 2014
and enter an elliptical orbit to return data from the
spacecraft’s eight science instruments for a full Earth
year
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MAVEN also will dip to an altitude 80 miles above the
planet to sample Mars' entire upper atmosphere
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MAVEN may also provide communications relay
support for robotic missions on the Martian surface
Future Space Exploration Missions - MAVEN
Future Space Exploration Missions
James Web Space Telescope (JWST)
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The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will
succeed the Hubble Space Telescope as one of
NASA’s Great Observatories, but in the infrared range
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The large multi-segment mirror, infrared-optimized
space telescope will operate in the Lagrange L2 point
to view the universe and galaxies at red-shifts closer to
the Big Bang than in the visible band
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Scheduled launch: June 2018
Future Space Exploration Missions
James Web Space Telescope (JWST)
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JWST primary mirror is composed of 18 segments that
is 6.5 meters (21.3 feet) in diameter and a sunshield the
size of a tennis court
 Hubble Space Telescope’s primary mirror is 2.4 m
(7.8 ft) in diameter
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The JWST sunshield is used to keep the optics and
electronics cool enough for the sensitive IR sensors
and systems
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JWST is the only NASA space observatory named after
an administrator instead of a scientist
Future Space Exploration Missions
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JWST sketched with its 18 mirror segments and
multiple cooling panels
Future Space Exploration Missions
Mars 2018
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The Mars 2018 Mission is a proposed NASA Mars rover
mission that would carry the European Space
Agency's ExoMars rover
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The rovers would land together on the surface of Mars
in 2019 with a "sky crane" landing system similar to
that used for the Curiosity rover
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The goal of the proposed NASA rover would be to
collect and cache samples of interest for a potential
return to Earth by a future mission
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Proposed launch: 2018 opportunity
Future Space Exploration Missions – Mars 2018
Future Space Exploration Missions
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA)
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LISA is an unfunded mission concept designed to
detect and measure gravitational waves from
astronomical sources
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The proof-of-concept mission named LISA Pathfinder
is designed to demonstrate the technology necessary
for a successful full mission
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LISA Pathfinder is scheduled for launch in 2014
Future Space Exploration Missions
Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA)
Future Space Exploration Missions
MoonRise
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MoonRise would land in the interior of the South Pole
Aitken (SPA) Basin at a location selected using criteria
for science and mission safety
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MoonRise would document the geologic context of the
landing site with high-resolution and multispectral
surface imaging
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The spacecraft would collect soil and rock fragments
to return to Earth for mineralogical and chemical
analyses, and isotopic age determinations
Future Space Exploration Missions
MoonRise
► Launch:
October 2016 on an Atlas V 531
► Lunar
landing: March 2017, at the South Pole–
Aitkin Basin
► Lunar
ascent: March 2017 (following about 10
days of surface operations)
► Sample
return: August 2017
Future Space Exploration Missions
MoonRise
Future Space Exploration Missions
Surface and Atmosphere Geochemical Explorer (SAGE)
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SAGE is a Venus lander designed to study the history
of Venus's surface, climate and atmosphere and
predict its fate within the future of the solar system
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Scheduled launch: December 2016 (21-day launch
window)
Arrival and separation: April 2017
Descent: May 2017, 1 hour
Landing site: Mielikki Mons
Surface science: 3 hours
Mission class: New Frontiers
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Future Space Exploration Missions - SAGE
Future Space Exploration Missions
Terrestrial Planet Finder (TPF)
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This mission will use multiple telescopes working
together to take family portraits of stars and their
orbiting planets
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TPF will also help determine which planets may have
the right chemistry for life
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Proposed Launch: To be determined (unfunded)
Future Space Exploration Missions - TPF
Future Space Exploration Missions
The Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer
(LADEE)
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LADEE is designed to characterize the tenuous lunar
atmosphere and dust environment from orbit
The scientific objectives of the mission are:
 Determine the global density, composition, and time
variability of the fragile lunar atmosphere before it is
perturbed by further human activity; and
 Determine the size, charge, and spatial distribution
of electrostatically transported dust grains and
assess their likely effects on lunar exploration and
lunar-based astronomy
Future Space Exploration Missions
The Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer
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The nominal science orbit will last 100 days
► The orbiter will carry a neutral mass spectrometer, an
ultraviolet/visible spectrometer, and a dust detector
► Also onboard is a technology demonstration of lunar laser
communications
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Scheduled launch: May 1, 2012 from Wallops Island on a
Minotaur with a Star 37FM or FMV upper stage
► Low-energy trans-lunar trajectory will take about five
months
► Science mission: 100 days on orbit
► Higher orbit for technology demonstration that will last for
about nine months
Future Space Exploration Missions - LADEE
Current Space Exploration Missions
Mars Science Laboratory
NASA’s Mars Science Laboratory is a large, mobile
laboratory — the rover Curiosity
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Curiosity is scheduled to analyze dozens of samples
for two years that are drilled from rocks or scooped
from the ground as it explores with greater range than
any previous Mars rover
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Curiosity carries the most advanced payload of
scientific gear ever used on Mars’ surface, a payload
more than 10 times as massive as those of earlier Mars
rovers
Current Space Exploration Missions
Mars Science Laboratory
The MSL objectives are to investigate whether conditions
have been favorable for microbial life and for preserving
clues in the rocks about possible past life
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Launch: November 26, 2011
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Landing: August 5 2012
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Mission class: New Frontiers
► Mars
Science Laboratory – Curiosity Rover
Current Space Exploration Missions
Kepler Planet Discovery Mission
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The Kepler spacecraft mission is designed to survey a
portion of our region of the Milky Way galaxy to
discover identify Earth-size planets in or near the
habitable zone
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Kepler’s survey data will help determine how many of
the billions of stars in our galaxy have such planets
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Kepler uses the transit method to determine the size of
the planet and its distance from its host star
 Changes in star brightness measure as small as
1/10,000th
Current Space Exploration Missions
Kepler
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The Kepler spacecraft
includes a 0.95 m telescope
and sensitive photometer to
measure star brightness
accurately
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Targeted stars are in the
Cygnus-Lyra region of the
Milky Way Galaxy
neighborhood
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NASA Discovery mission
#10
Current Space Exploration Missions
Kepler – observation data (04/13)
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Confirmed Planets: 122
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Planet Candidates: 2,740
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Eclipsing Binary Stars: 2,165
Current Missions
Dawn
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Dawn is a robotic spacecraft sent by NASA on a space
exploration mission to the two largest objects in the
asteroid belt, Vesta and the dwarf planet Ceres
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Launched on September 27, 2007, Dawn explored
Vesta between 2011 and 2012, then sent to explore
Ceres in 2015
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Dawn is the first spacecraft to visit either body
Current Missions
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Ceres and Vesta were of interest for a dedicated
explorer since they are the two largest asteroids
discovered so far, and have entirely different
characteristics
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Ceres is wet (icy & cold) having formed in the outer
asteroid belt
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Vesta is dry and rocky having formed in the inner
asteroid belt
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Research into their formation should provide clues to
the different formation processes between the rocky
terrestrial planets and the icy bodies in the outer solar
system
Current Missions
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Dawn’s objectives are to characterize the conditions
and processes of the solar system's earliest epoch by
investigating in detail two of the largest protoplanets
remaining intact since their formation
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Ion propulsion
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Mars gravity assist
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Mission class: Discovery
Current Missions - Dawn
Current Missions
New Horizons
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New Horizons is NASA’s robotic spacecraft flyby
mission en route to Pluto and its moons, Charon, Nix,
and Hydra
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Future mission plans may also include flybys of one or
more other Kuiper belt objects
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Launch: January 19, 2006 on an Atlas V 551
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Flyby of Jupiter for a gravity assist on February 28,
2007
Current Missions
New Horizons
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New Horizons passed the orbit of Saturn on June 8,
2008, and the orbit of Uranus on March 18, 2011
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Arrival: Pluto July 14, 2015, then further on into the
Kuiper belt
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Mission class: New Frontiers
Current Missions
New Horizons
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The New Horizons spacecraft is powered by two
radioisotope thermoelectric generators (RTGs)
because of its distance from the Sun
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The spacecraft’s X-band communications will take
approximately 4.5 hours to reach Earth from Pluto
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Pluto’s launch from Earth reached the greatest launch
speed ever recorded for a man-made object at an
Earth-relative velocity of 16.26 km/s (58,536 km/h;
36,373 mph)
Current Missions
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New Horizons
Current Missions – New Horizons
International Space Exploration Missions
Bepi/Colombo
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Bepi/Colombo is a joint mission of the European Space
Agency and the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency
to explore the planet Mercury
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The dual-orbiter Bepi/Colombo spacecraft is expected
to use both conventional liquid chemical propulsion
and an ion engine to reach Mercury, then enter orbit
around the planet
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As envisioned, the joint effort is a dual spacecraft
mission will have a one year life at Mercury
International Space Exploration Missions
Bepi/Colombo
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Planned launch: 2014 on an Ariane V
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Planned Arrival: 2020
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Gravity assists from Earth, Venus, and Mercury
International Space Exploration Missions
Bepi/Colombo
International Space Exploration Missions
Hayabusa
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Hayabusa was a Japanese robotic spacecraft that
returned material from the near-Earth asteroid 25143
(Itokawa) to Earth for analysis
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Hayabusa, also known as MUSES-C, was the only
space mission to return asteroid material to Earth
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The 10-micron sized particles from the return capsule
were identified as primitive rocky material typical of
“dry” asteroids
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Launch: May 9, 2003 on a Japanese MV solid rocket
booster
Arrival at Itokawa: September 2005
Earth return: June 13, 2010
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International Space Exploration Missions
Hayabusa
International Space Exploration Missions
Chang'e
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Chang’e, also known as the Chinese Lunar Exploration
Program, or CLEP, began with the launch of the
Chang’e 1 and Chang’e 2 lunar orbiters
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Chang’e 1 was launched on October 24, 2007 on a
Chinese Long March 3A to return a high-resolution 3dimensional map of the lunar surface
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Chang'e 2 was launched on October 1, 2010 on a Long
March 3C to map the lunar surface in higher resolution
for the Chang'e 3 lander and rover mission
International Space Exploration Missions
Chang'e
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Chang'e 3 is scheduled for launch in 2013 as a lander
and rover pair for a three month scientific mission,
followed by the Chang’e 4 lander and rover
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Chang’e 5 is the third phase of the lunar exploration
program with a planned launch in 2017 using the CZ5E heavy-lift launcher for the lunar sample return
mission
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A manned lunar landing has been proposed for the
2025–2030 time frame
International Space Exploration Missions
Chandrayaan-1
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Chandrayaan-1 was India's first space exploration
mission and first lunar probe
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The Chandrayaan-1 mission included a lunar orbiter
and an impactor
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Launch: October 22, 2008 on their PSLV booster
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Operational life: Ended August 2009
International Space Exploration Missions
Chandrayaan-1
International Space Exploration Missions
Chandrayaan-2
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Chandrayaan-2 is a joint lunar exploration mission
proposed by the Indian Space Research Organization
and the Russian Federal Space Agency
► includes a lunar orbiter and a lunar rover made in India
as well as one lander built by Russia
► The rover will pick up soil or rock samples for on-site
chemical analysis
► Data relayed through the Chandrayaan-2 orbiter
► Proposed launch: 2014
International Space Exploration Missions
Chandrayaan-2
Lander and rover
International Space Exploration Missions
PLATO
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Like NASA’s Kepler project, the European Space
Agency’s PLATO (PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations
of stars) is intended to identify nearby star systems
that are likely to harbor Earth-like planets and variable
stars
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Primary instrument: Optical telescope
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Orbit operation: L2
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Projected launch: 2017/2018
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Expected mission life: 6 years
International Space Exploration Missions - PLATO
International Space Exploration Missions
Solar Orbiter
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The ESA’s Solar Orbiter is part of the Cosmic Visions
long-term space exploration planning program. The
Solar Orbiter consists of 10 instruments, designed to
answer several of the outstanding, fundamental
questions in solar and heliophysics, including the
possibility of predicting solar outbursts.
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Primary instruments: Visible, extreme ultra violet, Xray
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Orbit operation: Solar orbit with perihelion > 0.28 AU
and inclination < 30°
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Projected launch: No earlier than 2017
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Expected mission life: 6 years
International Space Exploration Missions
Euclid
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The ESA’s Euclid project is part of the Cosmic Visions
long-term space exploration planning program
intended to map galaxies and galaxy clusters that offer
clues to the dark matter and dark energy affecting their
position and dynamics
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Primary instruments: Kirsch telescope with imaging in
the visible and near IR
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Orbit operation: L2
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Projected launch: 2019
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Expected mission life: 5 years
International Space Exploration Missions - Euclid
International Space Exploration Missions
ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter
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The ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) is a
collaborative proposal between the ESA and the
Russian Federal Space Agency (Roscosmos)
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The 1-year Mars orbital science mission was originally
scheduled as a collaboration with NASA before
funding was removed from the NASA budget
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The TGO would deliver the ExoMars EDM stationary
lander and then proceed to map the sources of
methane on Mars and other gases, and in doing so,
help select the landing site for the ExoMars rover to be
launched in 2018
International Space Exploration Missions – ExoMars TGO
International Space Exploration Missions
Planck
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The Planck spacecraft is the ESA’s cosmic microwave
background radiation detector and mapper with
greater sensitivity and resolution than NASA’s
Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe (WMAP) - both
currently in operation at the Lagrange L2 point
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Primary instruments: Microwave receiver array and
bolometer
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Orbit operation: L2
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Launch: May 14, 2009
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Expected mission life: 3 years
International Space Exploration Missions - Planck