Transcript Chapter 23 Section 4

Chapter 23 Section 4
Society and Culture in the
industrial age
Emigration
During the 1800’s improvements in Medicine,
sanitation, and food distribution helped lead to
an increase in population
Due to jobs, growth was fastest in the more
industrialized regions in the US and Europe
People began to move from their native land
across international boundaries and oceans into
foreign lands which is Emigration
Between 1870 and 1900 more than 10 million
people left Europe for the US alone, one of the
greatest mass movements of people
People were fleeing countries with poor
economic conditions like Ireland and Italy
Thanks to steamships and trains travel was
faster and more affordable
Random Picture
continued
Others, like the Jews, Armenians, and Slavs fled
oppression and discrimination
Within Europe people moved to the areas of greatest
industrialization
This was a result of increased demand for factory labor
As the population increased, there were changes in
agriculture and industry
Before the industrial revolution most people lived in rural
areas or small villages
By the early 1900’s more people lived in or near cities
than in the country side
Sanitation and Public order
In the 1800’s houses did not have running water; most
cities did not have sewers
People dumped garbage and sewage into the streets,
combined with smoke from the factories this made the
cities foul smelling and unhealthy
After the 1870’s technological advancements such as
iron pipes and flush toilets, and running water were
helped life inside the city
Public sewers were installed along with paved streets
and street lights were all improvements
Governments passed laws requiring better heating
systems and better construction of buildings
Industrialized London
Continued
Cities also needed new law
enforcement to direct crowds
and to protect the lives and
property of city dwellers
In 1829 Sir Robert Peel of
London organized a
Permanent police force
The police were called
Bobbies after Peel’s first
name
Other major cities soon
followed London's lead
Development of Suburbs
As cities grew, people moved to residential areas outside
of the cities called suburbs
In the US suburbs were connected to the city by a
streetcar or ferry
Suburbs later were developed around railroad lines and
horse drawn bus lines
Suburbs main appeal is that they were less crowded and
less noisy than living in the cities
The people who could afford it lived in the suburbs and
worked in the cities traveling between the two
More cities created public transportation systems, but at
first only professionals could afford them and the factory
workers had to live within walking distance of work
Diet and Food Storage
Science and technology provided better methods of
preserving and transporting foods
Pasteurization killed off bacteria and refrigeration helped
to prevent the growth of harmful bacteria
They used refrigerated rail cars to transport meat, fruit,
and vegetables
Scientists also discovered the importance of vitamins
and minerals in the diet
As a result Life expectancy as well as population
increased
Growth of Education
Industrialists wanted workers who could read and write
they needed engineers, scientists, and skilled
technicians
Others believed that state-sponsored schools produced
patriotic citizens
Along with intelligent workers the military leaders wanted
more educated soldiers
Ordinary people also wanted an education thinking it
would improve their children's chances at a better life
After 1870 governments in the US and Europe passed
laws requiring an education for all children
In the US individual states levied taxes to support the
schools
Middle class children went to high school and often
Universities
Education for Women
By the end of the 1800’s many schools offered a
elementary education for girls but not much of a
secondary education
It was argued that the subjects in high school were not
necessary or proper for women
What secondary education there was focused on
languages, literature, and home economics, not science,
math, or philosophy
Few Collages admitted women in the 1800’s so collages
for women only started to appear
This spread of education had many positive effects
People became more involved in government and
because more people could read more books and
newspapers were published
Effects of education
People started to read the newspaper more making
newspapers more important in peoples lives
During the 1800’s they began to cover topics like politics,
foreign affairs, art and science
Papers also began to criticize or support politicians or the
government and political cartoons started to appear
New communication technology appeared like the telegraph,
allowing newspapers to print the latest news
As newspapers grew so did the demand for editors and
writers
Sports
People had been involved in athletic events since
ancient times
In the 1800’s they became more organized
Football in Great Britain (soccer) was amoung one of the
first professional spectator sports
Both Rugby and American football were derived from
soccer
By the mid 1800’s soccer players were full time athletes
In the 1890’s bicycling began to gain in popularity and
hundreds of manufacturers popped up
Baseball also became popular in the late 1800’s, it was
popular with soldiers in the civil war and in1860’s the
Cincinnati red stockings were formed
The Arts
Before, musicians had performed concerts in the homes
of the rich, artists and sculptors produced their work for
the wealthy
In the industrial age art and music became available to
more people
As demand increased so did the demand for concert
halls and museums
Vaudeville became a popular form of entertainment
combining music, dialogue, dancing and singing
Art collections started to move from private homes to
museums
Public libraries also began to appear in cities like London
and Paris
Parks and Urban Planning
Crowded cities had few places for outdoor recreation
Trains were often used to take families out to the country
for the day
People began to demand public city parks for recreation
By the end of the 1800’s many cities had playgrounds for
children
Large areas, like Central Park, were being set aside as
public parks