Transcript File

South Asia
Pakistan
India
Afghanistan
Nepal
The
Maldives
Bhutan
Bangladesh
Sri Lanka
Indus River
Himalaya Mountains
Ganges River
Ganges and Indus rivers flood,
and deposit silt to fertilize soil
Himalaya Mountains
Himalaya Mountains help to
Keep the Indian Subcontinent
at a mild temperature
• The Himalayas have profoundly
shaped the cultures of South Asia.
Many Himalayan peaks are sacred in
both Buddhism and Hinduism.
• Three of the world's major rivers —
the Indus, the Ganges and
the Brahmaputra — arise in the
Himalayas.
• This range is home to nine of the ten
highest peaks on Earth, including the
highest, Mount Everest
Indus Valley Civilization-IVC
Indus Valley Civilization-IVC
• The IVC’s economy appears to have depended significantly
on trade, The IVC may have been the first civilization to use
wheeled transport.
• They were among the first to develop a system of uniform
weights and measures.
• Indus Civilization may have had a population of over five
million
• IVC was one of three early civilizations of the Old World, and
the most widespread among them, covering an area of 1.25
million km2
• In the aftermath of the Indus Civilization's collapse, regional
cultures emerged, to varying degrees showing the influence of
the Indus Civilization
A “little”Colonial
History
• This region experienced
colonialism by
European nations,
which provided the
region with European
cultural diffusion,
primarily from Great
Britain.
• Great Britain has had
the greatest influence
then any other
European Country on
South Asia
Mohandas Gandhi led Indians to
independence from Great Britain
through peaceful protests.
A “little” History - A “little” Future
• East India Company 1612-1940s
• Independence came to the region in the 1940s
and the government(s) that typically replaced
British rule were democratic, but have had
varying degrees of success (India claims to be the
world’s largest democracy. Pakistan has suffered
several military coups).
• This region has experienced rapid population
growth. India’s population growth rate is greater
than China and the Indian population will pass
China by 2025
Comparison
Country
Government
Religion
India
Federal Republic
Hindu
Pakistan
Federal Republic
Islam
Bangladesh
Parliamentary Democracy
Islam
Nepal
Federal Democratic
Republic
Hindu
Sri Lanka
Republic
Buddhist
Maldives
Republic
Islam
Bhutan
Constitutional Monarchy
Buddhist
Bangladesh
Bangladesh
• Bangladesh is a Parliamentary Republic
• Islam is the largest religion of Bangladesh, making
up 86.6% of population
• The service sector accounts for 51% of GDP, the
industrial sector 30% and agriculture 18%
• More than 98% of Bangladeshis speak Bengali as
their native language, which is also the official
language. English is also used as a second
language among the middle and upper classes
and is also widely used in higher education and
the legal system
Bhutan
Bhutan
• Constitutional Monarchy-made the switch
from Absolute Monarchy in 2008
• Inhabited as early as 2000 BC
• Bhutan is located on the southern slopes of
the eastern Himalayas, and is landlocked.
• Bhutan's economy is based on agriculture,
forestry, tourism and the sale of hydroelectric
power to India. Agriculture provides the main
livelihood for 55.4 percent of the population
Bhutan
• The national language is Bhutanese
• 75% Population is Buddhist
• Bhutan has a rich and unique cultural heritage
that has largely remained intact because of its
isolation from the rest of the world until the
early 1960s
Nepal
Nepal
• Nepal has eight of the world's ten tallest
mountains, including the highest point on
Earth, ex- Mount Everest
• Hinduism is practiced by about 81.3% of
Nepalis,
• Nepal is a developing country with a low
income economy
• Federal Parliamentary Republic
Sri Lanka
Sri Lanka
• Sri Lanka is a Democratic Republic, the
oldest democracy in South Asia
• 70% are Buddhists
• English is widely used for education, scientific
and commercial purposes.
• The culture of Sri Lanka dates back over 2500
years. It is influenced primarily by Buddhism
and Hinduism
Maldives
Maldives
• It is the Earth’s lowest country- 4 ft. 11in
above sea level, The highest point is 7 ft. 11in
– What is their great environmental concern?
• Maldives is a Presidential republic
• The Maldivian economy is largely based on
tourism
Maldives
• Maldives designates Islam as the official state
religion. The Government requires that all citizens
must be Muslims. Freedom of religion is
restricted significantly. The law prohibits the
practice by Maldivian citizens of any religion
other than Islam, and the Constitution states that
non-Muslims from voting, obtaining citizenship,
and holding public positions.
• Does this sound like an limited Government?
Pakistan
Pakistan
• 180 million people, it is the sixth most
populous country
• Pakistan is the second most populous Muslimmajority country - About 97.0% (174,600,000)
• Pakistan's economy is the 24th largest in the
world. The Pakistani economy has moved from
mainly agricultural to a strong service base.
• It is a Nuclear Power
Pakistan
• Pakistan is listed as a Federal Republic the
Pakistani government has experienced
instability and frequent military takeovers.
Example from the constitution- 12 April 1973;
suspended 5 July 1977, restored 30 December 1985;
suspended 15 October 1999, restored in stages in
2002; amended 31 December 2003; suspended 3
November 2007; restored 15 December 2007; last
amended 28 February 2012
India
India
• The second-most populous country with over
1.2 billion people.
• Is a Nuclear Power
• Indian cultural history spans more than 4,500
years.
• Hinduism - 80.5% of the population
(800,000,000 people)
• Four religions—Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism,
and Sikhism—originated here
India
• India is one of the world's fastest-growing
economies. India’s labor force is English
speaking and highly educated, and many
foreign companies are investing in India’s
service and manufacturing sectors to take
advantage of low labor costs; now that more
people have disposable income, foreign
wholesale and retail companies are moving
into India.
India
• Bollywood - The Indian film industry produces
the world's most-watched cinema. The movies
that often reflect Indian traditions and Hindu
themes and modern Indian Culture. At the
end of 2010 it was reported that in terms of
annual film output, India ranks first, followed
by Hollywood and China.
India and Pakistan Relations
The greatest difference between India
and Pakistan is a religious differences
• In India - Hinduism, with over 800 million
adherents (80.5% of the population)
• In Pakistan - About 97% of Pakistanis are
Muslim
India and Pakistan Relations
• There has been great debate over who has
control of the Kashmir territory. Leading to
three different wars over the territory.
Kashmir
territory
South Asia – Economy
• The Next Eleven are the eleven countries –
Bangladesh, Egypt, Indonesia, Iran,Mexico, Ni
geria, Pakistan, the Philippines, Turkey, South
Korea and Vietnam. They all have high
potential of becoming, along with the BRICs,
among the world's largest economies in the
21st century.
• Developing countries
South Asia – Economy
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Agriculture
Manufacturing and industry
Apparel
Gems and jewelry
Pharmaceuticals
Petroleum products and chemicals
Mining
Tourism
Banking and finance
South Asia – Economy
• Microcredit-is the extension of very small
loans (microloans) to impoverished borrowers
who typically lack collateral, steady
employment and a verifiable credit history. It
is designed not only to support
entrepreneurship and alleviate poverty, but to
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create new jobs, new businesses, and
help communities.
• Muhammad Yunus – Founder of Grameen Bank.
Hinduism
• Third largest religion in the world
• Due to the wide diversity in the beliefs, practices
and traditions encompassed by Hinduism, there
is no universally accepted definition on who a
Hindu is, or even agreement on whether the term
Hinduism represents a religious, cultural or sociopolitical entity
• Often noted as a Polytheistic Religon
• Hinduism is often called the "oldest living
religion” or the "oldest living major religion" in
the world
Hinduism
• Diwali -popularly known as the "festival of
lights," is primarily a five day Hindu festival
– Diwali - "row of lamps".
– Over the centuries, Diwali has become a national
festival that is enjoyed by most Indians regardless of
faith: Hindus, Jains, Buddhists, and Sikhs.
– Rangoli, also known as Kolam, is a folk (traditional) art
from India that can be traced back 5000 years.
– is India's biggest and most important holiday of the
year. This festival is as important to Hindus as the
Christmas holiday is to Christians.
Buddhism
• Fourth Largest Religion in the world
• Buddhism encompasses a variety of traditions,
beliefs and practices largely based on
teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama,
commonly known as the Buddha.
• The Buddha lived and taught in the eastern
part of the Indian subcontinent
• Buddhists generally classify themselves as
either Theravada or Mahayana
Sikhism
• Fifth largest Religion in the world.
• a monotheistic religion which originated during
the 15th century in the Punjab region of South
Asia.
• The five Ks (panj kakaar) are five articles of faith
which all baptized Sikhs are obliged to wear. The
symbols represent the ideals of Sikhism: honesty,
equality, fidelity, meditating on God and never
bowing to tyranny
Responsibilities in a Democracy:
• Personal responsibilities (such as taking care of themselves,
accepting responsibility for the consequences of their
actions, taking advantage of the opportunity to be
educated, and supporting their families)
• Civic responsibilities are actions a citizen needs to perform
(such as respecting the right of others; being informed and
attentive to the needs of their community, staying informed
about issues impacting the decisions of elected leaders;
paying attention to how well their elected leaders are doing
their jobs; communicating with their representatives in
their school, local, state, and national governments; voting;
paying taxes
Responsibilities in a Democracy:
• Like in the United States, in India and many South Asian
Countries voting is considered a Civic responsibility.
– as is tolerating the many different opinions of people.
– And religious beliefs.
• A Bhutanese citizen shall have the right to freedom of
thought, conscience and religion. No person shall be
compelled to belong to another faith by means of
coercion or inducement.
—Article 7 Fundamental Rights, Section
4 of the Constitution of Bhutan
Monsoons: To the people of India, the monsoons are a source of life.
They are seasonal reversal of winds that brings heavy rainfall.
Monsoons bring:
• Widespread flooding
• Property damage
• Destruction to agricultural
lands
• Damage to transportation
infrastructure
• Homelessness
• Disease
• Malnutrition
• Serious injury
• Death
Monsoons
• Monsoons help to provide fresh water for
most of the countries in South Asia
• But the rain fall in the mountains causes
destructive floods throughout much of
Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan.
Adapting to the Environment
• 1. Adaptation - is the evolutionary process
whereby an organism becomes better able to
live in its habitat or habitats
• Humans Change Themselves or
practices.
Dams help support agriculture through
irrigation.
Modifying the Environment
• Humans change the Environment
– The human response to the characteristics of a
physical environment comes with consequences for
both the human culture and the physical environment
– clear forest for timber and agricultural land, build
cities with concrete, raise livestock, grow crop plants
build dams, burn fossil fuel, destroy habitat of other
animals, fishery
Modifying the Environment
Green Revolution
• Green Revolution refers to a series of
research, development, and technology
initiatives, occurring between the 1940s and
the late 1970s, that increased agriculture
production around the world, beginning most
markedly in the late 1960s
Green Revolution
• Norman Borlaug is the "Father of the Green
Revolution" is credited with saving over a
billion people from starvation, involved the
development of high-yielding varieties of
cereal grains (Wheat). He was awarded the
Nobel Peace Prize in 1970 for ”both for bread
and for peace”
Wheat Production
Quiz 1
• 1. List the three major religions of South Asia?
• 2. Why has Pakistan's Government been so
unstable?
• 3. What is the majority religion of India?
• 4. Explain How the Himalaya mountains
influenced South Asia’s culture
• 5. What is the IVC?
South Asia – Economy
• Read
– “Mining Bill Makes Profit Sharing Mandatory” The
Indian Express Newspaper
– The Proposed bill would tax mining companies,
these funds are to be given to remote villages. The
government is hoping to improve conditions in the
villages. How would this combat the recruitment
of communist rebels?
“Mining Bill Makes Profit Sharing
Mandatory”
• Scenario: You are an elected leader of a small village
in India. You have just been informed about a bill (a
proposed law) that would require mining companies
in your region to share part of their profit with the
people living in the community.
• Discuss ways in which your community might
influence the government to pass this bill. Once the
bill becomes a law, mining companies will have to
share their profit with the community and the
national government
• Global Vipassana Pagoda
• This is the tallest stone-only structure in the
world. It is located near Mumbai and honors
the practice of Vipassana, related to
Buddhism. Not only that, but it is Gilded, and
looks amazing. It was completed in 2009