Transcript 敦煌莫高窟
History and Heography The national, historical city of DunHuang is a renowned tourist city for the Mogao Caves. It is situated in the common boundary of Gansu Province, Qinghai Province and Xinjiang Province. Dunhuang, long ago referred to as 'Sha Zhou' (beautiful desert oasis), was the hub of middle and eastern silk routes in ancient times. The city landmark is an attractive statue, the idea of which comes from the mural in Mogao Caves, a shrine to the culture and arts of Dunhuang. THE Silk OF ROAD Commercial Street City square Night piece night 返回 莫高窟 Bright desert Ming Chu Mogao Caves are the nation key cultural relic preservation organ, is named Thousand Budd has Cave, is situated west the Gansu Corridor end Dunhuang, is world famous by the fine mural and the cast. existing cavern 735, the mural45,000 square meter, argillaceous painted sculpture 2,415, are in the world the extant scale is biggest, the content richest Buddhism art place. Since the modern times had discovered the Buddhist scrip tureshole, in had 50,000 ancient times cultural relics, and grew specially to study the Buddhist scriptures hole ancient book and Dunhuang art discipline - Dunhuang studies. The Eastern louvre Museum（东方卢浮宫）, DunHuang Caves （敦煌莫高窟）is one of the most important cultural relics in China. DunHuang Caves is also famous for its beautiful painted murals (壁画） and clayey sculptures（泥质彩塑）in the world. Now it has bocome the largest, most plentiful Buddhist Art in the Holy Land over the world. Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes Dunhuang Mogao Caves --- crystallization of cultural exchange 风沙中的莫高窟 Sand in the Mogao Caves 敦煌壁画 There are 552 rock caves in all in the Dunhuang frescoes including a thousand Buddhism holes, elm forest caves of Anxi in Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, the west, there are more than 50,000 square meters of past dynasties mural painting, it is not only our country but also world mural painting most rock caves, the content is very abundant. The Dunhuang frescoes is a main component of art of Dunhuang, the scale is enormous, abundant in content, highly skilled. Mural painting of more than 50,000 square meters can be divided into the following several kinds on the whole: First, the statue of Buddha is drawn to say, it is a main part of the mural painting as religious art, including various statues of Buddha -----Buddha, Buddhism of seven generations of three generations, clearing up Jia, many treasure Buddhism, robbing a thousand Buddha virtuously,etc.; Various Bodhisattva ------Shu Wen, it is the Eight dragons of day ------King, general it is the virtuous, Goddess of Dragon King, yaksha, flying Mercy, tendency to,etc.;. Apsaras, A build Luo, Jia floor Luo, urgent (carefree), great boa god,etc. Luo that. These statues of Buddha are mostly drawn in the statement picture. There are 933 statement pictures in the mural painting of Mogao Grottoes alone, various 12208 suits of statues of Buddha with different expression 彩 塑 Dunhuang Murals the Dunhuang frescoes mainly include, nine color deer rescue persons, Sakyamuni's biography, hammer Sa those give one's life and raise famous mural painting stories such as tigers,etc.. Dunhuang murals 敦煌壁画 It takes the painted sculptures as one of the Dunghuang Art’s main bodys. This is the TianWang The tinist largest one The one is could about be 2 more than 40 meters’high centimeters high These are the other deities. There are varied painted sulptures including the Buddha, Pusa, TianWang, LiShi and many other deities(神）. 气势恢宏的壁画 天子驾临 彩塑菩萨 舞乐图 反弹琵琶 飞天 莫高窟壁画 空白处是被盗粘走的壁画 栩栩如生的人物 梦幻的天国 飞天飘带 莫高窟顶部飞天 繁华的城市 乡村生活 肉市场 轻歌曼舞、热闹非凡 乐伎云集 敦煌壁画艺术 最突出特色：写意、传神 Streamers flying in the desert （飞天） nationality traditional mythical subject matter in cavern for later period of Northern Wei Dynasty, the mythical subject matter with thought of Taoist school has appeared Car build, hang high again, flag wave, have, serve as a diplomatic envoy necromancer to raise the long narrow flag open a way ago behind the car, the first enlightened supernatural beast retinue with dragon's body of someone the last.. Fly honest to it flutters its wings up and down to be but pneumatic, Thunder God wave arm rotate, applaud in succession, thunderclap electricity get into, bungle with iron stone glisten, rain teacher spray but causes it. The DungHuang Caves is a history book describing masses of romantic stories from the early Qin Dynasty to Qing Dynasty. It presents the ethnic look(民 族风情） and the historical change during 1500 years. Each dynasty presents a different style. All murals reflect the politic, civilization and economy status of the society. The rich and colorful painted murals are the main elements of the Caves. There are Buddhist stories painting, paintings and Buddhist historical sites by the variable paintings, but also fantasy art(神怪画） and portraits of support There inlcuding the as Buddhist （佛像供养人）, as well stories, mountains and scenery, various exquisite decorative 。 Landscape painting,flying Apsaras Buddhas as well as the scene which people are working hard. The colorful magical Legend of Silkroad(丝绸之路） painting. There are some celestial beings （神仙）。 The picture reflects a prosperous foreign trade. We are surprised at the superb painting skill. Mogao Grottoes is the longest ,largest and the most plentiful art gallery(画廊）in the world. This one was made in the XiWei Dynasty Mogao Grottoes murals can be seen Some from the air, diving down the everywhere filled the air of the potential if the meteor; some through beauty of flying - Dunhuang City, is The wall above the fly in the also a rebound pipa Chengdiao flying boundless universe of vast the refairy's image. Flying is to serve the storey tower, like You Long; some then Buddha and Jeseoksa days of God, the wind leisurely Manjuan sing and dance. Piaowu,some hands and lotus bud, into the sky. The Fairy 月牙泉 Crescent Moon Spring ——the eye of the desert The Crescent Moon Spring Scenic Spot ,which is under the Mingsha Mountain , locates at 5km south of Dunhuang, Gansu Province. Since time immemorial, the scenic spot is famous across the whole world for its “Coexistence of mountain and spring, sand and water”. It is listed as National Key Tourist Attractions of the People's Republic of China in 1994. The Mingsha Mountain and the Crescent Moon Spring integrate with the artistic landscape of the Mogao Grottoes, forming the “Two Bests” in the southern Dunhuang City and becoming the tourist resort which is attractive not only to Chinese but to people from the world. There is a strange phenomenon, because the relationship between the terrain when the wind blows, the sand is not blowing down the mountain, but it flows from the foot of the mountain to the top, so the sand will never bury the Crescent Moon Spring, known as the desert wonders. Crescent Moon Spring has three treasures: iron back fish, colored sand and seven grass. The sand of Mingsha mountain has five colors: red, yellow, green, white and black. There is a Legend that eating iron back fish and seven grass together can live forever. Rob kenaf flowers ,surviving at south Crescent Moon Spring, is unique and the only health herbs. The price of the best four-star hotel is 400 yuan per night. There are also many ordinary hotels, just 100-200yuan per night. There are many delicious snacks, most of them Worldfamous . 鸣沙山 The Mingsha Mountain is so named due to the soundmaking sand. It used to be called as “Shajiao Mountain” or “Shensha Mountain”. The Crescent Moon Spring is embraced in the bosom of the Mingsha Mountain and obtain its name for its crescent-like shape. Formerly called “Sand Well” or “Medicine Spring” with the floor area of 0.88 hectares and average depth of water as about 3 meters, it boasts sweet and cool water, clear as the mirror. After more than several thousand years, the spring survived even in the dry desert. Inside the spring are various grass and fishes contrasting nicely with the mountain around. 鸣沙山 Mingsha like a dragon, lying in the south of Dunhuang. Piled by the sand mountain. Can it yellow like gold, as soft as silk, as demure as the young girl, as beautiful as the Phoenix! It is east from the Mogao Grottoes, the West only to sleep under the party Foshan River reservoir, stretching over 40 kilometers, 20 kilometers north-south widespread, the highest elevation of 1715 meters. Viewed from afar, undulating ridges and peaks, such as sliced ax, marvelous scenery, magnificent! 沙 漠 风 情 沙山 返回 . AForeigners said "Having seen the Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, it means the world to see the ancient civilization." Thank you for seeing it. Carrying on the Han Culture and Western Region Culture, absorbing foreign skills, the painted murals ,sculptures as well as the constructions have blossomed to a Characteristic Buddhist art work .It has become the precious mineral deposits of human all over the world.