Transcript Siddhartha
Siddhartha By Herman Hesse How to get a book • Available online on iBooks, or in print, or at the library • Can buy a used copy off of Amazon.com • Free copy of Herman Hesse’s Siddhartha: An Open Source Reader, edited by Lee Archie and others • 122 pages in the print copy, but 152 pages roughly • About 20 pages a week • DECEMBER 1st is the due date for the reading What’s it about? • Siddhartha is a story about a man named Siddhartha whose life mirrors (in some ways) the life of the famous (and different person) Siddhartha Gautama. • Siddhartha Gautama is also called “The Buddha” • It was written in 1922 Who is the author? • Herman Hesse, a German whose parents were missionaries to India • He was familiar with “Eastern religions” like Buddhism and Hinduism BUT his book is not a perfect presentation of those religions even though he borrows ideas from them • He wrote Siddhartha after an extended visit to India Life experiences that affected the writing of Siddhartha • During World War I (1914-1918), Hesse was anti-war and labeled a traitor. • In 1916, his father died; his son Martin became seriously ill; and his wife suffered a severe nervous disorder and had to be put in a sanatorium. • Deeply troubled, he moved to Switzerland, where he remained for the rest of his life. • He studied the works of Sigmund Freud and underwent extensive psychoanalysis with one of Freud’s most celebrated disciples. • Hesse’s profound interest in psychoanalysis and the workings of the subconscious mind probably dates from this period and is clearly visible in his later fiction, including Siddhartha. • He died in 1962. What inspired the writing of Siddhartha? • Siddhartha, set in India, is subtitled an "Indic Poetic Work," and it clearly owes much to Indian religions. But the question of the exact nature of Hesse's debt to various aspects of Indian religion and philosophy in Siddhartha is quite complicated and deserves detailed discussion. • Elements of both Hindu and Buddhist thought are present and it is useful to make distinctions between them when the sources of the novel are discussed. Was Hesse inspired by Buddhism? • The basic teaching of Buddha is formulated in the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path. • One critic, Leroy R. Shaw, has pointed out that Siddhartha is divided into two parts of four and eight chapters, and proceeds from this insight to interpret the work as an illustration of Buddha's Truths and Path…but this interpretation might not be correct… • Hesse also wrote his own ideas (not Buddhist) and Hindu ideas into the book. Was Hesse inspired by Hinduism? • Most critics even assert that Hinduism is a more significant source for the book than is Buddhism. • Eugene F. Timpe, for example, in a study which is methodologically similar to that of Shaw, has analyzed parallels between Siddhartha and the Bhagavad Gita, an important poetical document of the Hindu religion. • Timpe maintains "that Hesse was influenced largely by the Bhagavad Gita when he wrote his book and that the protagonist was groping his way along the path prescribed by the Bhagavad Gita." • Hesse was indeed familiar with this important work, and a comparison between it and Siddhartha is rewarding. What were Hesse’s views of Eastern religions? • In 1932 Hess published a "diary fragment" written some twelve years earlier, during the composition of Siddhartha. In this interesting and revealing essay, he comments extensively on Indian religion. • In the diary Hesse acknowledges his long-standing interest in India. • He sees Buddhism as a kind of "Reformation," but - like all religious reformations - it eventually tends to be more destructive than constructive. (Ultimately Buddhism denies rather than affirms life.) • Hesse discusses the Buddhistic concept of Nirvana, and observes that whereas he previously accepted the doctrine, he now inclines toward the belief that God respects individuality. Buddha may well have reached Nirvana, but other men will not be able to find a "shortcut" by following and imitating him. • Hesse rejects the rationalism of Buddha's teachings which, he says, previously attracted him. The mystical aspects of Christianity acquire correspondingly more appeal. Hesse, then, feels that he is moving away from the philosophical position of Buddhism. For English class • Journal about your reading • Select a quote from a set of pages defined by Mrs. Estrada (not more than 5 lines) • Comment/reflect on that quote in a journal that fills up the whole page to the bottom of the page and extends to both red margins • Research • Select 2 articles that criticize the book and print each, glue each into the journal, then highlight and annotate them • Then write one page about what you learned from each article and include personal reflections For History class 1. Keep a log of 100 new words you learn and their definitions from Siddhartha; DUE Friday, 12/5 2. Make a Side-by-Side comparison of Hinduism (Chapter 4) and Buddhism (Ch. 4, 9, 16); DUE Friday, 12/5 3. Write an essay where you analyze Herman Hesse’s depiction of Indian religions following the guidelines described in this powerpoint. ROUGH DRAFT DUE: Friday, 12/12 Side by Side Comparison should look a little HINDUISM BUDDHISM like: pages 99-105 in Traditions and Encounters, also Pages 219-228 pages 418 & 420 Four Vedas represent early Aryan beliefs • House of Clay • World of the Fathers • Aryan Gods, i.e. Indra and Varuna • Brahmins/priests perform ritual sacrifices • 800 BCE dissatisfaction with rituals mystical reflections of on beliefs • Upanishads: evidence of mixing of Aryan and Dravidian beliefs Brahman: universal soul of which each individual is a part (also called Atman); samsara, karma, asceticism & meditation to reach moksha • Add more or elaborate on what is above in your own chart Comes out of Hinduism Started by Gautama Buddha: “the enlightened one” Four Noble Truths: 1. All life involves suffering 2. Desire is the cause of suffering 3. Elimination of desire brings an end to suffering 4. A disciplined life conducted in accordance with the Noble 8-fold Path brings the elimination of desire Noble 8-Fold Path: lead a balanced and moderate life (not ascetic or luxorious) Right belief, right resolve, right speech, right behavior, right occupation, right effort, right contemplation, right meditation…..CONTINUE to add info!!! Nirvana? Dharma? Combo English & History Assignment • Thesis/Claim: Create a thesis with multiple parts that you will prove using evidence from the book Siddhartha and at least two outside sources. A personal opinion is allowed (usually not okay in History class). • Summary: Summarize Siddhartha’s quest for enlightenment • Personal Connection: Reflect on what you enjoyed and disliked about the book (i.e. Which character did you most identify with and why? What quotes affected you and why? What symbol was most powerful for you?) • Connect to History: Drawing on your knowledge of Hinduism (APWH Ch. 4, Ch.9, Ch. 16) and Buddhism (APWH Ch. 9 and 16), and citing examples, explain what elements of these religions (or Indian culture, i.e. caste) are visible in Siddhartha • Evaluate & Research: Research at least two articles that criticize Siddhartha and incorporate those criticisms into your evaluation for the book. Remember to add your own evaluation. • Point of View (POV) & Research: Research the author’s life and discuss how his life experiences, internal struggles, occupation, religion, European origin, or other background may have influenced the writing of Siddhartha. Structure of Essay • • • • Intro with Thesis (1 paragraph) Summary of Siddhartha (1-3 paragraphs) Personal Connection (1-2 paragraphs) Connect to History (2-3 P) • Are there concepts that the book gets right? i.e. how Samsara is related/depicted? • Are there concepts that the book get wrong? Or that feel like something the author made up? • Does the book relate the idea of the caste system? (Important in India) • Integrate outside Criticisms, from the “Evaluate and Research” part on the previous slide(1-2 P) • POV (1-2 P) • OPTIONAL: explore how the author uses allegory or metaphor in his writing • Reword Thesis and conclude (1 paragraph) • About 8-14 paragraphs in total MUST BE • Typed, double-spaced, 12 point font, in Times New Roman, with page numbers on the bottom right • Using Chicago style with footnotes to reference at least 2 outside criticisms • MUST cite all outside ideas with footnotes (otherwise you are plagiarizing) • MUST include a Bibliography using Chicago style (include the book Siddhartha and outside articles