Transcript Religions of South and East Asia

RELIGIONS OF SOUTH
AND EAST ASIA
ISLAM
ISLAM
What do we remember about Islam?
OVERVIEW OF ISLAM
• Founded by Muhammad wanting to spread the
message of monotheism.
• Qur’an = sacred text
• Name for God = Allah
• Country of Origin
• Founder
• Beliefs =
• 5 Pillars of Faith
5 PILLARS OF ISLAM
HINDUISM
HINDUISM
ONE OF THE OLDEST RELIGIONS
• No single founder, but was mixed in India around
1500 BC
• Hindus believe in one unifying spirit = Brahman
• Who can manifest in many forms
• Or in one
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• More of a system of living than a set of beliefs
• Belief in reincarnation
• But how the person lives depicts how the soul moves up or down
in the next life
• Obey the law of Karma
• Karma is the sum of all your deeds
• The Good are following Dharma
• Beliefs are recorded in a number of sacred texts:
• Vedas: Bodies of knowledge
• Upanishads: basic philosophical framework of Hinduism
• Code of Manu: Accepted as the most complete expression of
sacred law
• Ramayana is a creation story
The caste system (outlawed since 1948) was an
important part of Hinduism. Castes are social
classes into which a person is born and lives
their entire life. If a person has a good karma
they may be reincarnated into a higher caste.
This life
Next life
Good Karma
Higher caste
Bad Karma
Lower caste
Born into
A caste
The caste system separated Indian society into
distinct social classes in which everyone knew
their place and believed that if they followed the
dharma of their caste, they would be
reincarnated into a better caste.
Brahmin
Kshatriya
Vaisya
Sudra
Untouchables
COMMON BELIEFS
• Mythology is a large part of the religion
• Varies from area to area
• Common belief among the different beliefs
• Karma
• Concept of dharma
• Reincarnation
• Brahman:
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Believe in many gods
Brahma the creator: 4 faces to symbolize 4 Vedas
Siva the destroyer
Vishnu the Preserver: symbols of power and greatness
WORK SESSION
• You will begin to create a “Religions of SE Asia” book
• For each of the religions follow the instructions written
within the packet you receive.
• Create beyond the packet in which you are given.
They’re more like guidelines anyways
• Exceed the expectations.
• Do More
• Etc.
• By the end of today, you should have Islam and
Hinduism filled out.
BUDDHISM
BUDDHISM IS….
• A religion
• AND philosophy
• It encompasses a
variety of traditions,
beliefs and practices,
that are largely based
on the teachings
attributed to
Siddhartha Gautama.
BUDDHISM
• Began in Northeastern India.
• And is based on the teachings
of Siddhartha Gautama
• AKA: Buddha
• He is a teacher not a ‘god’
• It is about 2500 years old
• And spread through cultural
diffusion to E. Asia, China,
Thailand, Korea and Japan
• And is based upon suffering and
the need to get rid of it
• The goal: Achieve Nirvana
THE BUDDHA
• Lived and taught in
NE India between the
6th and 4th centuries
BC.
• Recognized by
Buddhists as an
enlightened
teacher who shared
insights to help
other end dukkha,
achieve nirvana,
and escape the
cycle of rebirth
Buddhism is based on the Four Noble Truths.
1. All life is
suffering.
3. The way to
eliminate suffering
is to eliminate
desire.
* Suffering Exists
* There is an end
2. Suffering is
caused by desire
for things that
are illusions.
4. Following the
Eightfold path will
help people to
overcome desire.
* There is a cause for it
* In order to end it follow the path
• Buddhist do not
believe in god(s).
• Stupa/Pagoda is to
Buddhists, as Mosques
is to Muslims
• “Dukkha” = Suffering
• They believe that you
are continually reborn
until you reach
nirvana
• Sounds familiar
right?
FACTS ABOUT BUDDHISM
1. Buddhists go to temple, not at a special
time or day, but when they can.
2. It is common for Buddhists to go on a
full moon day.
3. A Buddhist temple is called Vihara and
is a place for education. In a temple,
you will find a shrine room with a large
Buddha and statues of his disciples. You
will also find relics and manuscripts.
There is also a lecture room, meditation
room and a library.
1. Usually light incense and candles
when reciting verses
4. Shoes are removed before entering a
temple for respect for Buddha.
5. Buddha is known as a teacher not a god.
6. Flowers and food are placed on the front of the Buddhist
Statue. The flowers are to remind the person that they will not
live forever.
7. The food is given to the Monks since they own nothing of
their own and Buddhists feel that giving food will help them
reach Nirvana
8. The following principles are said to help Buddhists to act
well:
1. Not to hurt living things,
2. Do not take advantage of what is not there
3. Use senses correctly,
4. Speak kindly
5. Do not take or use drugs or alcohol.
1. Wisdom
2. Morality
3. Meditation
Buddhism has much in common with Hinduism,
but important differences.
Buddhism like
Hinduism:
Reincarnation
Karma
Dharma
But not
Caste system
Hindu gods
Hindu
priesthood
WORK SESSION
• You will begin to create a “Religions of SE Asia” book
• For each of the religions follow the instructions written
within the packet you receive.
• Create beyond the packet in which you are given.
They’re more like guidelines anyways
• Exceed the expectations.
• Do More
• Etc.
• By the end of today, you should have Islam,
Hinduism, and Buddhism filled out
SHINTOISM
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SHINTOISM
• Was actually formed around 500 BC in
Japan
• Their followers consist of about 3 million
people
• And it’s considered a polytheistic religion
• Even though it’s not really a religion
• But more of spirit worship of ancestors and the like
• The Kojiki, The Nihongi are texts that are
used quite often.
• It’s not an official text
• No one knows who founded it, but it is
uniquely Japanese
• Shrines are places of
worship and the homes
of kami
• Men and women can
become priests
• They live on shrine
grounds
• Can marry and have
children (what is the
different than?)
• There are no absolutes
in Shinto
• Meaning: No one is
perfect
• It is an Optimistic faith
SOME KAMI
KAMI AND THE LIKE
• Kami are spirits
• Which are also in nature, and geographical regions
• They are no all-powerful beings
• Can take human form
• Shinto’s understand that they are supposed to have
a balance between nature and other human
beings
WHAT YOU DEFINITELY NEED TO
KNOW
• Is a form of Traditional Worship
• Though it has no holy or sacred book
• Or god(s)
• Founded in Japan
• And their beliefs are:
• Kami
• Torii
CONFUCIANISM
CONFUSCIANISM
• Named for a man: Confucius.
• He lived in China around 551 BC and was
considered the most learned (or educated) man in
his lifetime
• He was the first Private Teacher in China.
• Not really a religion, but rather a code of ethics (or
philosophy)
• Founder was Kong Qiu, but later became Confucius in the
16th century by Jesuit Missionaries
• Traveled to various regions to teach with a small group of
disciples
• But viewed himself as a failure
• And it was only until after his death that Confucianism became
more known
• Beliefs:
• Li: includes ritual, propriety, etiquette, etc.
• Hsiao: love within the family: love of parents for their children and of
children for their parents
• Yi: righteousness
• Xin: honesty and trustworthiness
• Jen: benevolence, humaneness towards
others; the highest Confucian virtue
• Chung: loyalty to the state, etc
• Taught 5 Relationships
5 RELATIONSHIPS
• Love between Father and Son
• Honor your father – Submit to your parents even if they are wrong
• Duty between Rule and Subject
• Chun-tzu is moral and fair and leads by example. Followers are
filial
• Distinction between husband and wife
• Wives much be ‘complacent’ or content and comfortable with
obligations to husband. So…Husband = head of house
• Precedence of the old over the young
• The older are greatly respected ancestors are worshiped. They
have more wisdom that was acquired through life.
• Faith between friends
• Only one that does not demonstrate superior-to-subordinate
• Both parties are equal and must maintain balance
• “Do not do unto other what you would not want them to
do to you.”
• Meaning….?
• Children are taught to respect and listen to their parents
and other elders (grandparents, older persons, etc.).
• They are also taught to learn from everyone they encounter
• Stated:
• “Heaven and afterlife were beyond human capacity to
understand, and one should therefore concentrate instead on
doing the right thing in his life.”
WHAT YOU NEED TO DEFINITELY NEED
TO KNOW
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It’s not an actual religion
So because it’s not a religion it doesn’t have what?
It’s founder is Confucius
Who lived in China
Main beliefs would be:
• Government & Social order
• Peace
WORK SESSION
WORK SESSION
• You will begin to create a “Religions of SE Asia” book
• For each of the religions follow the instructions written
within the packet you receive.
• Create beyond the packet in which you are given.
They’re more like guidelines anyways
• Exceed the expectations.
• Do More
• Etc.
• By the end of today, you should have Islam,
Confucianism, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Shintoism filled
out
• If you are completely finished turn them in. If you would
like to work and tweak things they are due Monday
(3/17)
IDEAS
• Larger book
• Cookbook
• Poster
• Pictures
• Written piece
• Skit
• Commercials
• Prezi
• PowerPoint
• Newspaper
• Magazine
WHAT YOU SHOULD HAVE
FILLED OUT IN YOUR CHART
Islam
Type of Monotheism
Religion
Holy
Koran
Books
“Sacred
Text”
Name For
Allah
God
Country
Saudi
of Origin
Arabia
Founder Muhammad
Beliefs
5 pillars of
Faith
Hinduism
Buddhism
Shintoism
Confucianism
Polytheism
Atheistic
Atheistic
Vedas
None
Spirit
Worship
None
Brahma
Vishnu
Shiva *
India
None
None
none
India
Japan
China
Unknown
Siddhartha
Unknown
Gautama
Reincarnation Reincarnation Kami tori
None
Confucius
Government
and Social
(Society)
order peace