Transcript Chapter 10 PP

Inner and East Asia, 600
– 1200
I. The Early Tang Empire, 618 - 715
Tang Origins
Sui Dynasty (581 – 618)
 Emperor Li Shimin
 Extension of autonomy,
Confucian examinations
 Turkic culture/military
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Buddhism and the Tang
Empire
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Presence of Buddhism,
responsibility of king
 Mahayana Buddhism
dominant – facilitated
cultural exchange
 Early Tang dependence
on Buddhist monasteries
 Capital at Chang’an
 Cosmopolitan - diversity,
contacts with Inner Asia
To Chang’an by
Land and Sea
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Roads, Grand Canal
Tributary system
Compass design, ocean
vessels
 Plague of Justinian
Trade and Cultural Exchange
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Cultural impact from Inner
Asia/Islam
Clothing
Stringed instruments,
food and wine
1000 CE exports
exceeded imports –
balance of trade
Silks, porcelain
Increased trade along
Silk Road/Indian Ocean –
traders use credit/finance
networks
II. Rivals for Power in Inner Asia and
China, 600 – 907
The Uighur and Tibetan Empire
 Turks migrated from Mongolia
westward
 8th century – Uighurs controlled
Tarim Basin/Inner Asia
 Cosmopolitan – merchants,
scribes, art, religion
 Fell quickly
 Chinese pilgrims traveled through
Tibet
 Alphabet, art/architecture,
medicine, math, farming
II. Rivals for Power in Inner
Asia and China, 600 – 907,
continued
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643 – Tang princess Kongjo
married Tibetan king – brought
Mahayana Buddhism,
increased contact between
Tibet and Tang
Tibetan military strengths
Late 600s – Tang and Tibet
competing from control over
Inner Asia
Tibet reached into Chinese
provinces
800 – Tibetan king wanted to
do away with monasteries but
assassinated by monks –
further isolation
Upheavals and
Repression, 750 – 879
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New fears of Buddhism
undermining Confucianism,
Han Yu
Emperor Wu Zhao – favored
Buddhism/Daoism, reviled by
Confucian writers
Buddhists severed ties to this
world
Edict of 845 – Tang destroyed
thousands of temples,
government gained new
sources of revenue
Fall of Buddhism in Tang
China
The End of the Tang Empire,
879 – 907
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Empire dependent on
local military
rulers/complex tax
system
755 – Rebellion led by
General An Lushan, rise
of military governors
Prosperity but political
disintegration and cultural
decay
879 – 881 – Huang Chao
(gentry) led greatest
uprising Hatred of
foreigners
Warlords – mass
migrations to the south
III. The Emergence of East Asia to
1200
Three new states: origins, beliefs
The Liao and Jin Challenge
 Liao Empire of Khitan (916 – 1121) – Siberia to
Central Asia
 Pastoral traditions, importance of Buddhism to
emperor
 Siege machines, horsemen
 1005 – Song tribute to the Liao
 Alliance with Jurchens of northeast Asia
 Destruction of Liao capital in 1115
 “Southern Song” (1127 – 1279) – Song make
payments to Jin to avoid warfare
Song Industries
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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION???
Indian/West Asian
mathematicians/astronomers –
fractions/calendars
1088 – Su Song and giant
celestial clock
Advances in magnetic compass
Junk ships – rudder, watertight
bulkheads…copied in Persian Gulf
HUGE ARMY (1.25 million men) –
half the territory of the Tang
Use of steel/iron – sources in the
north
Government monopoly by 11th c. –
producing as much cast iron as
18th c. Great Britain
Mass production
1100s - Gunpowder - impact
Economy and Society in
Song China
Neo – Confucianism, Zhu Xi, ideal human –
the sage
 Chan Buddhism (Zen in Japan) – mental
discipline
 Rigorous examinations for bureaucratic
offices
 Social implications of scoring well/poorly on
exams
 Printing – woodblock to moveable type
 Mass printing of books, exam materials,
instructions on cultivation
 Agriculture south of the Yangzi River,
plow/rakes, control of malaria
 Migration to the south, displacement of
native people
 1100 – population in Chinese territories over
100 million
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Large cities
Problems in cities – waste
management, water supply, etc.
City of Hangzhou
Credit – “flying money”
Government issued paper money
- inflation
Cost of military expenditures
Sold rights to collect taxes
New social hierarchy based on
new sources of wealth –
MODERN – growth of middle
class and private capitalism seen
in 18th c. Europe
Women’s rights/education
Development of footbinding –
status symbol
Foot Binding
IV. New Kingdoms in East Asia
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Expanding Confucian
world view targeted
the south
 Cultivation of rice
needed structured
society
 Korea, Japan and
Vietnam all
centralized power
during the Tang
period – saw
Buddhism and
Confucianism as
compatible
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Mountains, little agricultural
land
Early 500s - kingdom of Silla
(south); power of landowners,
Koguryo kingdom in north,
after 688 Silla ruled but
needed support of Tang
After early 900s (fall of Tang)
house of Koryo united
peninsula – alliance with the
Song
Koryo kings supported
Buddhism – woodblock
printing from 700s
Process of woodblock printing,
advances…
Korea
Japan
Japan
 Geography
 Mid 600s Yamato followed Tang
government
 Architecture, Buddhism
 No walls, Mandate of Heaven
 Unchanging Tenno dynasty, role of prime
minister and Shinto
 Kyoto
 Fujiwara family – cultural development,
Confucianism
 Power of warriors, civil war
 Education of women – The Tale of Genji
 Kamakura Shogunate – Buddhism, rise
of samurai
Vietnam
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Red River and Mekong,
irrigation systems
“Annam” – Confucian
bureaucratic training,
Mahayana Buddhism
936 – Dai Viet – good
relations with Song
Rivalry wit Champa
(south) – foreign
influences
Champa and voluntary
tribute – Champa rice
Confucian hierarchy –
differences in treatment
of women